FEED BUSINESS MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA MAGAZINE - ISSUE 4

YEAR 2 | ISSUE NO. 4 | JULY - SEPT 2025

COMPANY FEATURE

Grainpulse Limited

LIVESTOCK FEED

The Rise of Fodder in Africa

SWINE HEALTH

African Swine Fever

PET NUTRITION

Purina Institute’s New Handbook

Laying the groundwork for livestock systems

In late September, leaders and experts from across the continent gathered in Naivasha, Kenya, to begin shaping the Africa Common Position on Sustainable, Resilient, and Nature-Positive Livestock Food Systems. It was the kind of meeting whose implications run deep into the future of African agriculture.

Livestock contributes up to 30% of Africa’s agricultural GDP, and in some countries, as much as 73%. Yet biodiversity, and climate finance remain underrepresented in livestockrelated policies, while weak data systems continue to hinder progress. However, the new framework aims to reposition livestock not only as a source of emissions but as a pathway to solutions that enhance resilience, food security, and sustainable development.

For decades, livestock has been central to rural economies but remained at the margins of national policy. The continental framework aims to change that, providing livestock with a defined role within Africa’s climate, biodiversity, and development agenda. The goal is not simply to cut emissions, but to recognise livestock as a driver of restoration, nutrition, and economic stability.

At the workshop, participants were introduced to LiveSYS, a continental initiative now being piloted in Kenya, Zambia, and Nigeria, with additional insights drawn from Mexico. LiveSYS aims to develop climate-smart livestock systems by promoting resilient and nature-positive practices, enhancing governance, channelling climate finance, and monitoring progress through digital dashboards.

This shift matters. It signals a move from fragmented approaches to coordinated action; from scattered national efforts to a unified continental voice. Strengthening data systems, aligning policy priorities, and mobilising climate finance may sound procedural, but these are the quiet

foundations of long-term resilience.

For the feed sector, such alignment is vital. Feed demand doesn’t grow in isolation but instead follows structure. As livestock systems become more organised, better financed, and more climate-aware, they send clearer signals to the feed industry, shaping where innovation, investment, and capacitybuilding take root. In many ways, this emerging framework is laying the groundwork for the next chapter of Africa’s animal feed story.

IN THIS ISSUE AND BEYOND

At Feed Business MEA, our goal is to remain a steady voice in a fast-moving industry, a place where the science, practice, and people behind feed production receive thoughtful attention. This issue brings together regional perspectives, technical insights, and stories exploring how sustainability and innovation continue to shape the sector’s direction.

Each edition is built on contribution and trust. Our dedicated editors bring you stories from all over the region, our guest contributors share their insights with us, and our partners get a chance to showcase their solutions to the industry.

And to those reading, we’d love to hear from you, too. Tell us what you’re working on, invite us to your events, share the discussions you believe deserve more attention, and contribute your expertise to move the conversation forward. The strength of this magazine lies in the stories it gathers, and there’s always room for more voices at the table.

Warmly,

Wangari Kamau Editor - Feed Business MEA

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FEE BUSINESS

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

Year 2 | Issue No. 4 | July-Sept 2025

FOUNDER & PUBLISHER

Francis Juma

SENIOR EDITOR

Martha Kuria

EDITORS

Wangari Kamau

Nicholas Ng'ang'a

Lydia Khasoa

EXTERNAL CONTRIBUTORS

André Magrini

Saad Gilani

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

DIRECTOR

Virginia Nyoro

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

ASSOCIATE

Johna Sambai

HEAD OF DESIGN

Clare Ngode

DESIGN

Monica Wachio

ACCOUNTS

Anita Kinyua

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Cargill moves to acquire Brazil’s Mig-Plus, deepening animal nutrition business

BRAZIL – Cargill has made a binding offer to acquire 100% of Mig-Plus, a family-owned Brazilian animal nutrition company, in a move that will strengthen its footprint in Brazil’s livestock sector.

Announced in late July, the proposed deal is pending approval by Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) and other customary closing conditions. Once cleared, Cargill will take full ownership of Mig-Plus’ operations, which include two production facilities and a workforce of about 450 employees.

Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Casca, Rio Grande do Sul, Mig-Plus operates in one of Brazil’s most important swineproducing regions, a strategic advantage for Cargill as it seeks to get closer to producers and expand its service offering. The company manufactures premixes, feed concentrates, and complete feeds for pigs and ruminants.

“We are excited about this acquisition, which will leverage strong synergies between Cargill and Mig-Plus, including shared organisational values and complementary best practices

in production, logistics, and market knowledge,” said Celso Mello, Vice President of Cargill Animal Nutrition & Health in South America.

Both companies highlighted a strong cultural fit and shared commitment to people and performance. “Both companies share a common purpose and values. The care Cargill demonstrates for people gives us confidence throughout this process. Caring for people has always been part of Mig’s legacy,” said Tadeu Migliavacca, CEO of Mig-Plus.

Mig-Plus co-founder Flauri Migliavacca added that the company is confident in the partnership’s benefits for producers and customers across Brazil.

Adriano Marcon, President of Cargill Animal Nutrition & Health, described the deal as “yet another example of Cargill’s confidence in and commitment to growth in the Brazilian market.”

If approved, the acquisition will mark another milestone in Cargill’s ongoing expansion of its animal nutrition business and reinforce its position in Brazil’s highly competitive feed industry.

Burkina Faso exempts VAT on fish feed to boost fisheries growth

BURKINA FASO – The government of Burkina Faso has announced the removal of Value Added Tax (VAT) on fish feed in a bid to reduce production costs and stimulate growth in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.

The measure forms part of a broader amendment to the General Tax Code aimed at easing the financial burdens on those engaged in fishing activities.

Officials said the tax exemption will not only lower household food expenses but also create a more attractive environment for private investment in aquaculture.

The initiative aligns with the government’s Agro-Pastoral and Fisheries Offensive 2023–2025 (OPAH), a flagship program designed to boost production in eight key sectors, including fish, poultry, and rice. Through OPAH, authorities aim to achieve self-sufficiency in at least half of the country’s

fish consumption by the end of 2025.

Fish remains a crucial source of dietary protein in Burkina Faso, where domestic production has long fallen short of demand. By reducing feed costs, one of the most significant expenses for fish farmers, the government aims to boost local fish production.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources, and Fisheries, the OPAH plan is estimated to carry a cost of US$953 million (approximately 592 billion CFA francs). Officials argue that investment in fisheries will strengthen food security and support the livelihoods of rural communities that rely on fishing for income.

The VAT waiver is expected to attract new entrants to the fish feed supply chain, but experts caution that tax relief alone will not be sufficient to meet the country’s ambitious production goals.

Authorities acknowledge that sustained investment in infrastructure, training, and technical support will achieve a lasting impact. The next phase of the OPAH initiative will focus on scaling up fish farms across multiple regions and expanding distribution capacity to achieve nationwide coverage.

With these adjustments, the government hopes that by 2025, at least one in two fish consumed in the country will be sourced locally rather than imported.

Pirbright, GALVmed partner to develop new Rift Valley fever vaccine

AFRICA – The Pirbright Institute, through its Centre for Veterinary Vaccine Innovation and Manufacturing (CVIM), has signed a new agreement with the Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed) to advance the development of a Rift Valley fever vaccine intended for low- and middleincome countries.

The initiative will concentrate on African regions where the mosquito-borne disease is endemic, with the aim of providing livestock keepers with an option that avoids the risks associated with existing vaccines.

CVIM will provide the vaccine technology, while GALVmed is responsible for collaborating with a local manufacturing partner to transfer the know-how, conducting safety and efficacy studies, including field trials, and seeking regulatory approval.

The vaccine under development uses a replicationincompetent viral vector, which has already demonstrated safety in pregnant animals, addressing one of the most serious drawbacks of currently available Rift Valley fever vaccines.

At present, licensed vaccines include live-attenuated versions, which can trigger abortion or birth defects if administered during pregnancy, and inactivated formulations, which often require several booster doses and are difficult to roll out quickly during an outbreak.

Rift Valley fever primarily affects sheep, goats, and cattle, but it can also infect humans, making it a significant concern for both animal and public health in affected regions.

In animals, the disease is marked by high mortality in young stock and widespread abortion, outcomes that cause heavy economic losses for farmers and disrupt production chains for milk, meat and trade.

For humans, infection can occur through mosquito bites or contact with tissues from infected animals, with most cases being mild.

Professor Bryan Charleston, Director of The Pirbright Institute, said the agreement with GALVmed represents the transition of a vaccine candidate from research laboratories to commercial development, making it available in affected regions.

Dr Steve Wilson, Director of Research and Development at GALVmed, noted that current Rift Valley fever vaccines remain limited by issues of safety and effectiveness, and the new collaboration aims to provide a safer solution.

By prioritising a vaccine that can be administered to pregnant animals, the partners intend to offer farmers and veterinary services a practical option for reducing livestock deaths, protecting livelihoods and lowering the risk of human infection.

First Mills acquires Al-Manar Feed Company in US$20M deal

SAUDI ARABIA – First Milling Company (First Mills), one of Saudi Arabia’s leading producers of flour, bran, animal feed, and wheat derivatives, has completed the acquisition of AlManar Feed Company Ltd. in a deal valued at SAR 77 million (US$20.5 million).

The transaction gives First Mills full ownership of AlManar Feed and was financed through Sharia-compliant bank facilities, available cash, and other funding programs. The financial impact will be reflected in First Mills’ third-quarter 2025 consolidated results.

Based in Makkah, Al-Manar Feed Company specialises in high-quality feed for ruminants, poultry, and horses. The acquisition is expected to significantly enhance First Mills’ feed production capacity and strengthen its position in Saudi Arabia’s rapidly growing animal nutrition market.

First Mills said the deal will add around 420 tonnes per day of feed output, increasing its total daily production to 1,320 tonnes. Its newly acquired Al-Manar Feed plant in Jeddah will further contribute 450 tonnes per day, bringing total capacity to 1,350 tonnes daily.

Abdullah Ahmed Al-Shehri, vice chairman of First Mills’ board, described the acquisition as a key milestone in the company’s long-term growth strategy.

“We continue to pursue high-value opportunities for sustainable growth in support of the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030 and to enhance the contribution of local production to achieving food security, while serving our customers, including livestock and poultry breeders, across all regions of the Kingdom,” he said.

CEO Abdullah Abdulaziz Ababtain added that the acquisition will enable First Mills to deliver a broader range of products and strengthen its responsiveness to market needs, reinforcing the company’s long-term competitive position.

First Mills confirmed that all necessary regulatory and commercial approvals, including clearance from the General Authority for Competition, have been obtained, clearing the way for full integration of Al-Manar Feed into its operations.

With Al-Manar now fully integrated, the company anticipates expanding its geographic reach and diversifying its revenue streams in line with its long-term strategy.

QMP breaks ground on third and its largest animal feed plant in Kenya

KENYA – Quality Meat Packers Limited (QMP), one of Kenya’s leading vertically integrated agribusinesses, has broken ground on its third and largest animal feed plant, marking a significant milestone in its growth strategy and long-standing pursuit of quality.

Privately owned and guided by a family legacy dating back to 1970, QMP said the new plant represents the culmination of years of planning aimed at gaining full control over feed quality and standards.

“This milestone reflects our deep commitment to quality and innovation. For years, we aspired to have complete control over our feed standards, and today, that dream has taken root,” the company said in a statement announcing the milestone.

The facility will supply QMP’s vertically integrated operations, including meat processing, poultry, and livestock farming, while also serving external customers, such as independent farmers and agribusinesses seeking consistent, high-quality feed.

“Our goal is not only to cater to QMP’s own needs but also to evolve into one of the largest feed manufacturing and

trading companies in the region, supplying high-quality feeds to farmers and businesses,” the company noted.

QMP’s investment comes at a time of robust growth in Kenya’s animal feed sector. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the country’s feed ingredients market is valued at about US$530 million and is projected to grow by 30% by 2027.

Although QMP has not disclosed the financial details of its investment, the new facility positions the company to capitalise on this momentum while reinforcing its reputation for quality and reliability in an increasingly competitive market.

As one of the region’s few vertically integrated agribusinesses, QMP controls the entire value chain, from livestock rearing and feed formulation to processing and distribution, ensuring traceability, consistency, and food safety.

Founded as Hurlingham Butchery in Nairobi in 1970, QMP has since evolved into the operator of Kenya’s largest privately owned meat processing complex, which has been exportcompliant since 1998.

FMN’s Premier Feed Mills expands poultry feed portfolio with LayerWise launch

NIGERIA – Premier Feed Mills Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Flour Mills of Nigeria Plc (FMN), has launched Topfeeds LayerWise, a new poultry feed brand designed to boost productivity, ensure consistent egg yolk color, and promote bird health.

The product was unveiled during launch events in Jos and Kano, attended by industry stakeholders, poultry farmers, distributors, and partners. The company said the milestone underscores FMN’s long-standing commitment to empowering farmers with performance-driven, affordable feed solutions tailored to Nigeria’s agricultural needs.

“Topfeeds LayerWise is a game-changer for poultry farmers, offering a product that ensures optimal performance while maintaining affordability,” said Austin Pam Dalyop, General Manager of Sales and Marketing at Premier Feed Mills, during the launch.

According to the company, Topfeeds LayerWise is formulated with a balanced mix of digestible carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to deliver superior egg production and promote bird well-being.

It is designed explicitly for layer birds between 17 and 33 weeks of age and will be distributed through Premier Feed Mills’ dealer and on-farm network across Jos and Kano.

The launch comes as FMN continues to expand its

investments in Nigeria’s agriculture and agro-allied sectors, reinforcing its “Feeding the Nation Every Day” agenda. The company said its focus remains on promoting local content, reducing dependency on imported raw materials, and supporting farmers with sustainable, high-quality solutions.

In a recent statement, Group Chief Executive Officer Boye Olusanya highlighted FMN’s broader role in advancing national development beyond business operations.

“For over six decades, the Group has been a source of livelihood for millions of Nigerian families by providing both direct and indirect employment. And more than any other business in the country, we have guarded our national heritage with trust, ensuring that our activities are sustainable for the country, the environment, and most importantly, for the people,” Olusanya said.

Tiryaki, IFC partner to build 39 food and feed safety centres in Iraq

IRAQ – Turkey-based Tiryaki Agro Holding has partnered with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, to establish 39 Food and Feed Safety Centres (FFSCs) across 14 Iraqi cities, in a move set to transform the country’s food and feed sector.

The partnership was formalised on September 13, 2025, during IFC Partnerships Day in Iraq, held under the patronage of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia’ al-Sudani, marking IFC’s 20th anniversary of operations in the country.

The initiative will begin with a feasibility study to develop integrated Food and Feed Security Compounds, envisioned as key pillars of Iraq’s food security and agricultural growth. With an initial investment exceeding US$120 million, part of a larger multi-phase plan, the project seeks to modernise the country’s supply chain from farm to market.

The FFSCs will be developed in stages, starting with environmental and social screenings aligned with IFC Performance Standards to ensure sustainability and global compliance. Core elements include soil and water resource assessments, adoption of renewable energy solutions, and construction of modern storage and silo facilities to curb postharvest losses.

Farmer training and capacity-building programs will promote sustainable practices and boost productivity.

“The strong partnership we have established with IFC represents a significant opportunity to responsibly bring Tiryaki Agro’s 60 years of expertise in the agricultural and food supply chain to the region,” said Süleyman Tiryakioğlu, CEO of Tiryaki Agro.

The collaboration builds on Tiryaki Agro’s soy crushing and corn storage facility in Umm Qasr, commissioned in 2024, which now supplies nearly half of Iraq’s feed market and employs 290 workers.

Looking ahead, Tiryaki Agro plans to develop an integrated agricultural and logistics hub in Iraq, encompassing flour, legumes, and rice processing, as well as feed additives and vaccine supply, thereby further embedding sustainable growth into the nation’s food system.

The partnership between Tiryaki Agro and IFC positions Iraq for strengthened food and feed security while driving rural development and regional agricultural integration.

Norway expands fish feed monitoring to track new contaminants

NORWAY – Norway has expanded its national fish feed monitoring programme to include a broader range of contaminants, with the 2024 results revealing generally low levels of harmful substances.

The findings, released in the Norwegian Food Safety Authority’s (NFSA) latest annual report, are crucial for maintaining the integrity of aquaculture feed in one of the world’s leading salmon-producing nations.

Conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (HI) on behalf of the NFSA, the 2024 survey analysed 99 fish feeds and 48 feed ingredients, including fishmeal, fish oil, plant meals, insect meal, algae oil, krill meal, and yeast, primarily used in Atlantic salmon production. Samples were tested for heavy metals, pesticides, feed additives, emerging contaminants, microbes, and nutrients.

HI researcher Anne-Katrine Lundebye noted that this year’s programme marked a milestone: “What is new in the 2024 report is that we have included emerging contaminants that have not been analysed in this monitoring program before.”

Among these were brominated flame retardants and chlorinated naphthalenes, industrial chemicals known for environmental persistence. Only one such compound, tribromoanisole, was detected.

“The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is requesting more data on bromophenols and chlorinated naphthalenes in food and feed,” Lundebye added.

Heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, and cadmium were found well below EU limits, though levels were higher in starter feeds, likely due to their greater content of marine ingredients.

Enhanced testing methods revealed the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) in 73% of starter feeds and 88% of fishmeal samples. Other PFAS compounds appeared less frequently, and none were detected in insect- or algae-based ingredients.

Traces of cypermethrin and deltamethrin were detected in wheat gluten, while chlorpyrifos was found at minimal levels, likely due to environmental residues.

No traces of the antioxidant ethoxyquin were found, nor were any Salmonella, Listeria, or ruminant proteins detected. However, two corn gluten meal samples contained high levels of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A, prompting continued monitoring.

ANIMAL HEALTH

New study confirms high risk of pig tapeworm in Northern Uganda

UGANDA – Northern Uganda has been identified as a hyperendemic hotspot for the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, with a new study finding that nearly one in five pigs in the region are infected.

The research, published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases in August 2025, reported a 17.4% prevalence of porcine cysticercosis, an infection caused by the parasite, raising serious concerns for both animal and human health.

Conducted across the Agago, Kitgum, Lamwo, and Pader districts, the study was led by scientists from the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Makerere University, the University of Edinburgh, the University of Prince Edward Island, and local veterinary offices. It sought to validate geospatial risk maps predicting high-risk zones and identify factors driving the spread of infection.

Taenia solium, often called the pork tapeworm, is a neglected zoonotic parasite that causes taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans and pigs. The infection spreads when humans carrying the tapeworm release eggs through feces, contaminating the environment.

Pigs that roam freely become infected by ingesting contaminated material, while humans risk contracting neurocysticercosis, the form of the disease where cysts lodge in the brain, by consuming the eggs. This severe condition is

the leading cause of adult-onset epilepsy in endemic regions.

With nearly a quarter of households in the study area keeping at least one infected pig, the risk to humans is significant. Poor sanitation, undercooked pork consumption, and inadequate meat inspection further increase exposure.

The researchers warn that without immediate, coordinated interventions, northern Uganda could remain a major reservoir for Taenia solium, undermining both national and global elimination goals.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed cysticercosis in its 2021–2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases, calling for focused control in hyperendemic zones. The authors of the study recommend a One Health approach that integrates sanitation improvements, better pig husbandry, public education, and treatment for both human and animal hosts.

Global Seafood Alliance tightens feed mill standard to boost traceability and sustainability

GLOBAL – The Global Seafood Alliance (GSA) has released a new version of its Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) Feed Mill Standard, introducing tougher requirements for ingredient sourcing and supply chain transparency across aquaculture feed production.

The revised standard, known as Issue 3.3, will take effect on November 17, 2025, after which all BAP-certified feed mills will be required to comply. GSA said the updates were developed over more than a year of stakeholder consultations “to modernise the standard to meet marketplace expectations.”

The strengthened criteria focus on three critical feed ingredients: fishmeal and fish oil, soy, and palm oil. For marine ingredients, GSA has set new sourcing targets: 90% must come from certified sources by 2028, with full compliance expected by 2031.

Feed mills using soy will need to prepare a sourcing plan by January 1, 2026, outlining how they will transition to using only deforestation- and conversion-free (DCF) soy. While no firm deadline has been set for complete adoption, mills must provide a written commitment and timeline to demonstrate progress.

Palm oil sourcing has also come under stricter oversight, with enhanced traceability checks and tighter verification of oil blends purchased from third-party manufacturers. According to the GSA, these measures are designed to enhance transparency throughout the aquafeed supply chain.

Beyond ingredient sourcing, Issue 3.3 introduces more rigorous documentation requirements to verify the origins of all feed components, especially blended oils. A new glossary of key terms has also been added to ensure consistent interpretation and implementation across regions.

The Global Seafood Alliance, an international nonprofit trade association, has long positioned itself as a global leader in standards for responsible seafood production. Through its BAP certification program, the organisation provides thirdparty assurances for both farmed and wild seafood.

By tightening its feed mill standard, GSA aims to move the aquaculture industry toward greater accountability in ingredient use, aligning with international sustainability and deforestation- free commitments.

INVESTMENT

De Heus strengthens African footprint with new aquafeed and livestock investments

AFRICA – Royal De Heus is deepening its investment in Africa’s animal nutrition sector with the launch of a new fish feed plant in Uganda and plans to build a second feed factory in Côte d’Ivoire.

In August, De Heus Animal Nutrition Uganda officially commenced fish feed production at its newly built, state-ofthe-art facility in Njeru, Jinja. The plant, the company’s first dedicated aquafeed facility in Africa, has a production capacity of 50,000 metric tons per year and will serve the fast-growing aquaculture industry across East Africa.

The launch follows a journey that began in June 2023, when construction commenced to achieve operations by mid2025, a goal now met. The first commercial batch of feed rolled off the line in July.

The Njeru facility is designed to create jobs and stimulate local sourcing of key ingredients, such as maize, cassava, and soy, thereby reducing reliance on imports.

The plant also includes an on-site laboratory for quality assurance and leverages De Heus’s global formulation expertise from the Netherlands. Drawing from its advanced operations in Vietnam, the company will tailor high-performance tilapia feed to regional needs.

Best known in Uganda for its Koudijs brand, De Heus plans to gradually transition its aquafeed products under the De Heus name while retaining Koudijs for other livestock segments.

Meanwhile, In West Africa, De Heus announced plans in September to build a new production facility in Korhogo, northern Côte d’Ivoire, its second feed factory in the country. The announcement followed a meeting between Animal Resources Minister Sidi Tiémoko Touré and Paul Bizard, Director of De Heus Côte d’Ivoire.

While details such as capacity and investment cost have not yet been disclosed, the new facility will complement the company’s existing poultry feed plant in Attinguié, near Abidjan, which opened in 2023 with an annual capacity of 120,000 tons.

The developments come as De Heus expands its presence across key African markets, reinforcing its goal of strengthening regional supply chains.

ADM to shutter Brazil pet food plant amid strategic restructuring

BRAZIL – U.S. agribusiness giant Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) will shut down its pet food manufacturing plant in Tres Corações (TCO), Minas Gerais, marking a significant pullback from Brazil’s pet nutrition sector amid a sweeping global restructuring.

The company confirmed the closure in a statement to Reuters, citing the need to streamline costs and align operations with its long-term strategic priorities. The facility will continue operations for another 90 days, with workers informed of the decision on July 15, according to ADM’s São Paulo-based press officer.

Acquired in 2019, the TCO plant once employed more than 900 people and produced up to 525,000 tons of pet food annually, serving as a cornerstone of ADM’s Latin American pet nutrition business.

“After exploring a wide range of alternatives, we have determined that our Tres Corações facility and related businesses and assets are no longer aligned with our future operational needs,” ADM said in its statement.

Local reports cited by journalist Carlos Sambrana of NeoFeed indicate that ADM had enlisted Barclays earlier this year to sell its Brazilian pet food unit, seeking between R$1 billion (US$172.2 million) and R$1.5 billion (US$258.3 million).

However, sources familiar with the matter said the company was unable to secure a buyer after nearly a year of negotiations.

The closure comes as part of a cost-reduction programme announced in February 2025, under which ADM aims to cut US$500 million to US$750 million over three to five years following its lowest fourth-quarter adjusted profit in six years.

The restructuring plan has already included hundreds of job cuts and tighter scrutiny of ADM’s nutrition division, the smallest of its three business units, which faced an internal accounting investigation in 2024.

Nevertheless, ADM will maintain a foothold in Brazil’s animal nutrition sector through a separate facility in São Paulo state dedicated to feed and animal nutrition products.

FAO launches nationwide livestock vaccination drive in Sudan

SUDAN – The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in partnership with the Government of Sudan, has launched a four-month emergency vaccination campaign to protect 9.4 million livestock from deadly diseases.

Running from October 2025 through January 2026, the campaign coincides with Sudan's worsening food crisis, which has been confirmed as a famine in several areas.

It targets some of the country’s most devastating transboundary and zoonotic diseases, including peste des petits ruminants (PPR), sheep and goat pox (SGP), contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia (CBPP), African horse sickness (AHS), and anthrax.

Livestock is the backbone of Sudan’s rural economy, providing food, income, and employment to millions of households. The sector also plays a vital role in foreign exchange earnings, with Sudan ranking among the region’s top livestock exporters.

FAO underscored that protecting herds is not only a matter of animal health but also national stability. “This vaccination campaign comes at a critical time as Sudan faces a worsening

food insecurity crisis,” said Hongjie Yang, FAO Representative in Sudan.

According to the latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis, famine has been confirmed in parts of North Darfur and the Western Nuba Mountains. Nearly 24.6 million people are projected to face Crisis or worse (IPC Phase 3 or above) food insecurity levels through May 2025, including 638,000 people in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5).

To overcome logistical challenges in conflict-hit areas, FAO is piloting cross-border vaccine delivery through Chad for the first time. Working with OCHA and FAO Chad, this approach will enable vaccine transport to Darfur and West Kordofan, where supply chains remain disrupted.

The campaign is supported by a coalition of donors, including the European Union, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the China International Development Cooperation Agency, and the FAO’s Special Fund for Emergency and Rehabilitation Activities.

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VIV Select China 2025 Highlights Global Momentum in Livestock Innovation

From September 10 to 12, 2025, the Nanjing International Expo Center hosted VIV Select China 2025, an impressive showcase of innovation, technology, and international cooperation within the livestock sector. Co-organised by Globus Events and VNU Europe, this year’s edition reaffirmed the exhibition’s reputation as China’s leading livestock industry export platform and a global hub for knowledge exchange.

Bringing together industry leaders, policymakers, innovators, and buyers, the three-day event recorded impressive participation, with 485 exhibitors from over a dozen countries, occupying more than 30,000 square metres of exhibition space. Nearly 17,000 visitors from 108 countries and regions registered, including over 2,300 international attendees and 2,000 conference participants.

Major domestic players, including China Animal Husbandry, Sunhy, Zhejiang Medicine, and Wanhua Chemical, joined leading international brands in presenting cutting-edge livestock technologies and solutions. Exhibitor participation increased by more than 20% compared to the previous edition.

In addition to the bustling trade floor, more than 10 official buying delegations from Southeast Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas reinforced the exhibition’s global appeal. The event also featured a comprehensive conference programme, offering insights into smart farming, feed innovation, green technologies, and sustainable production practices.

SHANGHAI TO HOST NEXT EDITION IN 2026

Building on the success of the Nanjing edition, organisers announced that VIV Select China 2026 will take place from August 19 to 21, 2026, at the Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention Center. Themed “Connecting the Globe, Building a One-Stop Livestock Trade Platform,” the move signals a strategic upgrade that leverages Shanghai’s position as a global trade hub.

The Shanghai edition will feature four key highlights shaping the future of livestock production:

• V-AI+ Smart Livestock Zone, spotlighting data-driven innovations in farm management, disease control, and precision feeding.

• Full Industry Chain Coverage, linking feed, animal health, processing, and environmental technologies into an integrated feed-to-food platform.

• Green and Low-Carbon Technologies, advancing China’s “Dual Carbon” goals with solutions such as biogas purification, carbon capture, and energy-efficient systems.

• Expanded International Pavilions, fostering crossborder collaboration and investment, connecting Chinese enterprises with partners from Europe, the U.S., Africa, South America, and Belt & Road regions.

10-12 September, 2025 | Nanjing, China

Do you know your limestone used in your feed formulations?

By Saad Gilani, Technical Sales Manager, Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health

Limestone is routinely added in animal feed, primarily to provide Calcium (Ca) which is required by the animals for bone development and muscle function in poultry and swine alike, and for eggshell quality in case of egg laying hens. Ca when digested in the stomach, can be absorbed in the small intestine. However, it also interacts with other minerals. For example, for bone development and growth it is important that

Ca is absorbed along with phosphorus (P) under the influence of vitamin D. At the same time, the amount of Ca can affect P utilization. Research has shown that higher amounts of Ca can impact P utilization. P requirements in animals are usually met with both organic phosphates - coming from cereals and legumes and their byproducts - and inorganic phosphatesused as di/monocalcium phosphate. Phosphates in cereals/ legumes and their byproducts are usually found either as free P or bound P as phytate. Phytate stores P for the germination of seeds. However, when phytate is ingested by animals, it is not fully digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but can be broken down by intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Complication arises when phytate binds with amino acids and minerals like Ca (among other minerals). Ca, depending on how much and how quickly it is released from limestone, can bind with phytate, further complicating the Ca/P utilization. For optimal utilization of phytate it is best that it is hydrolyzed by phytases in the upper gastrointestinal tract as quickly as possible to avoid binding with amino acids and minerals. Hence, it is important to understand your limestone.

This article series is all about the role of limestone in feed formulations: its physical quality, solubility and impact on P utilization within the animals.

PHYSICAL VARIABILITY

First, let’s try to understand the limestone and its physical quality. As limestone comes from quarries it can vary in its color from pure white to yellowish or black tinge. This may indicate the impurities in limestone and could have impact on chemical composition. Additionally, the particle size of the limestone also varies a lot amongst different samples and regions. One of our research projects investigated more than 600 samples globally to understand the physical/chemical qualities of limestone. Samples were split into either fine type of limestone, which is mainly used for broiler or swine feed, or coarse limestone, that is normally used for layers or breeders’ feed. Starting from the particle size, the average particle size was 288 µm (micrometer) and ranged from 38 – 992 µm for fine type limestone. Coarser limestone average particle size was 1690 µm with a range from 301-3000 µm. This can impact Ca utilization to a certain extent as very fine limestone can be quickly digested and reactive to bind with phytate. Additionally, if particle size is the only challenge, by increasing particle size, it can increase the wear and tear of the feed mills. However, particle size also affects limestone solubility (to be discussed in the next article in this series).

LIMESTONE’S ROLE IN CALCIUM SUPPLY

The second and very important part is the chemical composition of the limestone. Generally, it is assumed that limestone contains approximately 40% Ca, which comes from the chemical formula. However, this is not the case, since impurities, particle size, and solubility makes Ca available in the animal’s digestive system differently. Literature suggests there is variation in the total Ca present in limestone. Data from more than 600 samples shows that average Ca content in fine type limestone was 37.8% with a range of 33.3-39.7%. For coarse limestone, average Ca content was 38% with a range of 34.7-40%. There is also variation in total Ca content within the regions as well as wide variation between regions. This could have implications in terms of total supply of Ca in the

diet. Considering the range above, total Ca in animal feed can be below or above the animal requirements. This can further impact absorption and excretion of Ca and P in animals. Simple example, if limestone is used at 1%, typically providing 0.4% total Ca in the diet, above limestone range indicates levels of 0.33% up to 0.39% total Ca in the diet. Additionally, Ca from other ingredients should also be considered for a complete animal diet. Literature suggests that total Ca often is not at the same level as formulated due to many factors like analytical difficulties, Ca coming from ingredients or feed additives, or when limestone is being added as processing aid.

IMPLICATIONS OF MINERAL COMPOSITION

In addition to total Ca in the limestone, it is also important to analyze for other minerals as they can be present as impurities, or their inclusions are added unintentionally. Minerals like Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) are needed by animals and are frequently supplemented in the diet. Their oversupply can bind with phytate making P less available to the animal, also leading to bound minerals ending up in the lower intestinal tract, where they can be utilized by pathogens (e.g. Fe being utilized by Campylobacter) or ultimately excreted in the environment which is becoming more and more of a concern. The data from analyzed limestones, show quite big variation of these minerals. For example, Mg average content varied from 0.39 – 1.56%, similarly Iron content varied from 544 – 4463 mg/kg for fine type limestone. For coarser type limestone, the levels for Mg varied from 0.01-2.65% and for Fe, 47-4921 mg/kg.

In conclusion, it is important to know your limestone and its role when formulating diets as it can vary in composition and physical qualities. This variability can impact calcium availability in animal diets, complicating phosphorus utilization and impacting animal health and environmental concerns.

Solubilities and their impact on P utilization will be discussed next in this series.

1. Total Calcium content in limestone samples collected from different regions (AF: Africa, ANZ: Australia and New Zealand, EU: Europe, ME: Middle East, NA: North America, RU: Russia and SA: South America)

Driving Uganda’s Livestock Sector with Premium Animal Feed Solutions Grainpulse Limited

BY MARTHA KURIA

rainpulse Limited, a prominent agribusiness based in Bugolobi, Kampala, has become a key player in driving agricultural advancement across East Africa. Initially founded in the early 2000s as Savannah Commodities, the company has evolved into a vertically integrated operation encompassing grain milling, fertiliser blending, coffee processing, and animal feed production. Its animal feed division, launched in 2021, is rapidly gaining traction as a catalyst for Uganda’s livestock sector, delivering high-quality, locally sourced feeds under the Halisi brand. With 28 strategically located distribution hubs, Grainpulse ensures accessibility for smallholder farmers, reinforcing its commitment to sustainable agricultural development and food security.

Under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Oudtshoorn, Grainpulse is pursuing an ambitious agenda to enhance farmer productivity and market access. “Our goal is to empower

farmers through superior inputs, creating a sustainable cycle from production to consumption, ” Oudtshoorn emphasised. Speaking in an interview with Milling Middle East & Africa, the sister publication to Feed Business Middle East & Africa magazine, the CEO, who had been at the helm at the time of the interview, discussed the company’s holistic approach. Supporting him is Business Development Manager Abaho Karuhanga, whose five-year tenure has been instrumental in expanding the company’s reach.

STRATEGIC ENTRY INTO ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION

Grainpulse’s animal feed venture leverages byproducts from its maize milling operations, such as bran and germ from its Jjimu flour brand, to produce nutrient-dense feeds. This integration optimises resource use, reduces costs, and ensures traceability, distinguishing Grainpulse in a market historically reliant on informal, inconsistent feed mixes. The company’s

state-of-the-art feed plant in Buikwe, with a monthly capacity of 2,500 tons, currently operates at partial capacity, reflecting the early-stage growth of Uganda’s commercial feed sector.

“We saw an opportunity to add value to our grain byproducts while meeting the rising demand for quality feeds,” Karuhanga explained.

The ‘Halisi’ brand, meaning “genuine” in Swahili, targets poultry (layers and broilers), pigs, and dairy cattle, delivering tailored formulations that enhance growth rates, egg production, and milk yields. Poultry feeds, the division’s flagship, are designed with high-protein blends to optimise performance, while pig feeds include starter, grower, and finisher variants to support efficient maturation. Dairy cattle feeds incorporate high-fibre components to promote rumen health and milk output. Both fortified and unfortified options cater to diverse farmer needs, balancing performance with affordability.

UNCOMPROMISED QUALITY CONTROL

Quality is the bedrock of Grainpulse’s feed operations. Uganda’s animal feed sector has historically been plagued by aflatoxin contamination, a carcinogenic toxin from improperly stored grains that reduces livestock productivity and poses health risks. To combat this, Grainpulse operates an inhouse laboratory in Mukono, equipped with near-infrared spectroscopy and wet chemistry, rigorously testing all incoming raw materials, primarily locally sourced maize and soybeans, for aflatoxins, nutrient content, and contaminants. “We reject any grain that fails our standards,” Oudtshoorn stated. “Aflatoxins in feed transfer to animal products, undermining both farmer profitability and consumer safety.”

This stringent quality assurance ensures Halisi feeds meet the standards of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) and ISO certifications, positioning Grainpulse as a trusted supplier. By sourcing 100% of its feed inputs locally, except for occasional speciality additives, the company maintains cost competitiveness while supporting Uganda’s

agricultural economy, which contributes over 25% to GDP and employs nearly 70% of rural households.

NAVIGATING MARKET CHALLENGES

The transition to commercial feeds in Uganda is fraught with challenges. Many smallholder farmers, rooted in traditional practices, rely on homemade mixes that often lack nutritional balance or harbour toxins. Grainpulse addresses this through extensive extension services, offering free training and demonstration plots to showcase the benefits of Halisi feeds, such as 20-30% faster growth rates and reduced veterinary costs. “Education is critical. Farmers need to see tangible results to adopt new practices,” Karuhanga noted.

Distribution is another hurdle. To ensure last-mile access, Grainpulse has established 28 hubs that serve as both sales points and grain aggregation centres. The company trains local entrepreneurs as “master agents,” who manage these hubs and employ village agents to promote products and provide support. This model not only enhances market penetration but fosters rural entrepreneurship, creating jobs and strengthening community ties.

Working capital constraints present another significant challenge. Farmers often demand cash on delivery for grains, while processing and distribution cycles extend payment timelines. Grainpulse mitigates this through its integrated

GRAINPULSE OPERATES AN IN-HOUSE LABORATORY, EQUIPPED WITH NEARINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND WET CHEMISTRY, RIGOROUSLY TESTING ALL INCOMING RAW MATERIALS, PRIMARILY LOCALLY SOURCED MAIZE AND SOYBEANS.

model, offering fertilisers on credit and repurchasing harvests to offset costs. This approach builds farmer loyalty, though cultural preferences for low-cost, low-service options persist. “Changing mindsets takes time, but our adoption rates are climbing.”

SUSTAINABILITY AND REGIONAL EXPANSION

Sustainability is a core pillar of Grainpulse’s strategy. The company utilises maize cobs and husks as biomass fuel for drying and pelleting, reducing diesel consumption and operational costs. “We’re also exploring organic fertilisers for feed crops to further minimise our environmental footprint,” Oudtshoorn revealed. Partnerships with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) have extended feed access to 57 districts, aligning with national goals to enhance food security and rural livelihoods.

Looking beyond Uganda, Grainpulse is eyeing Kenya, a key market for Ugandan poultry products like eggs and meat. Despite non-tariff barriers, such as border delays and high transportation costs, the company has piloted dairy feed exports and plans to scale poultry feed shipments by the fourth quarter of 2025. “We’ve benchmarked Halisi against regional competitors and are confident in its superiority,” Karuhanga stated. Grainpulse advocates for harmonised East African Community (EAC) standards, citing Tanzania’s fertiliserdriven grain export success as a model. “Streamlined trade policies could unlock significant opportunities,” Oudtshoorn added.

A VISION FOR IMPACT

With a workforce of 110 full-time employees and 50 casual laborers across all its business sectors, Grainpulse is a vital economic driver in Uganda. Its long-term vision is to lead East Africa in food and nutrition security by increasing fertiliser use to 25 kg per hectare, boosting grain yields, and ensuring a steady supply of quality feed inputs. “Higher yields translate to better feeds, which empower farmers economically,” Oudtshoorn asserted. In just a few years, Grainpulse’s animal feed division has laid a robust foundation for growth. As Grainpulse scales its operations and navigates regional markets, it is poised to redefine animal nutrition, delivering value to both farmers and consumers. FBMEA

The Man Behind The Accolades

Executive Interview With Kevin Getobai, An Award-Winning BSF Research Executive

BY WANGARI KAMAU

FBMEA: Thank you for honouring our invitation. Briefly tell us who you are, walk us through your research— what does your day-to-day work typically involve?

GETOBAI: Thank you so much for having me. I am the farm manager at Ololo Farm in Nairobi, Kenya and a BSF research enthusiast. My work ranges from running controlled experiments in insect rearing to testing larvae-based feed formulations with poultry and pigs in a regenerative / pasturebased livestock system. I also spend time analysing data, mentoring young researchers, and working with farmers to understand their needs. A significant portion involves promoting on-farm research and demonstrations.

FBMEA: What initially piqued your interest in Black Soldier Fly research, and why have you remained committed to it over the years?

GETOBAI: I was first drawn to BSF because of its potential to solve two major challenges at once: waste management and sustainable feed production. Early on, I saw how larvae could transform organic waste into high-value protein, and that vision of circularity really inspired me. At Ololo, as a small farm with poultry as the main enterprise, our margins of scale depended on our ability to save on feed costs, which make up more than 70% of the total poultry production cost. What has kept me committed is seeing the impact of reducing feed costs for farmers to improving environmental outcomes. It’s both science-driven and deeply practical. Currently on farm, we replace 15-20% of our feed costs per batch with BSF Larvae inclusion and can upcycle a tonne of food waste weekly, mainly from the local market. This “waste” would otherwise be dumped in landfills around Nairobi.

FBMEA: What are some of the most significant discoveries or innovations that have come out of your BSF research?

GETOBAI: One key discovery has been understanding that the integrated model, where BSF production is driven by own farm demand, yields significantly more cost savings, especially at small and medium scale enterprises, is an important one

to note. We’ve also made progress in developing farm-scale systems that can operate reliably under African conditions. These practical innovations from waste-to-feed systems to low-tech rearing methods are what make BSF accessible to more farmers.

FBMEA: From your perspective, how has BSF research transformed the animal feed sector so far, both in Africa and globally?

GETOBAI: Globally, BSF has shifted from a niche idea to a serious alternative protein and enterprise. In Africa, it has opened opportunities for local feed production, reducing dependency on expensive imports like fishmeal and soy. Research has proven that BSF meal can replace a significant

portion of conventional protein sources without compromising animal performance. Many farmers, especially smallholder/ households in Africa and Kenya, have adopted BSF farming and are now integrating the insects in the livestock and crop systems for BSF larvae and frass, respectively.

FBMEA: I first came across you because of your work with The Bug Picture. Please tell us more about your involvement and how initiatives like this are shaping the perception and adoption of insect protein?

GETOBAI: With The Bug Picture, a regenerative agriculture company based in East Africa, I helped demonstrate how BSF can be deployed at scale in community-driven projects, blending science, entrepreneurship, and storytelling to normalise insect protein in mainstream feed and food systems, including in refugee camps. In Kyangwali, Uganda, we integrated pasture-raised chicken farming using movable pens inspired by Ololo Farming Company models with BSF larvae production, achieving remarkable results: healthier chickens with reduced disease and more nutrient-rich eggs, naturally fertilised soils enriched further with BSF frass, and transformative economics where feed costs dropped by 69%, market readiness shortened by two months, and profitability shifted from a baseline loss of -11,294 UGX to an average profit of 30,972 UGX per chicken.

FBMEA: That is pretty impactful. What have been the biggest challenges in advancing BSF research, and how have you managed to overcome them?

GETOBAI: Advancing BSF research comes with its share of challenges, the biggest being the need to grow and evolve step by step, slowly shaping a viable business model through continuous learning, adapting, and even failing along the way. Another key hurdle has been the lack of data; we learned that measuring is knowing, and knowledge is power, so actively running trials and collecting evidence on what works (and what doesn’t) has been critical for fair assessment and growth. Finally, an important mindset shift has been recognising that larvae are not just an end product but a means to an end. At Ololo, they are the glue that holds a circular system together, producing regenerative outputs such as poultry, pigs, fish, ducks, and vegetables for premium organic markets. Whatever the model, the key is to let the larvae work for you.

FBMEA: Research and commercialisation in insect protein often face funding hurdles. What has your experience been in securing financial support, and what advice would you give to upcoming researchers or entrepreneurs in this space?

GETOBAI: Funding is indeed a major challenge, especially in early-stage research. I’ve learned that it takes persistence and the ability to communicate the value of BSF beyond just science, as a business case, an environmental solution, and a community opportunity. My advice: start small, prove impact, and build partnerships with both local stakeholders and global

funders.

FBMEA: Looking at Africa specifically, where do you see the biggest opportunities for scaling BSF in the feed industry, and what role do you hope to personally play in shaping that future?

GETOBAI: The largest opportunity lies in integrating BSF into existing farming systems. Poultry, pig, and aquaculture sectors are growing rapidly, and BSF can supply cost-effective protein for them. There’s also a major opportunity in organic waste management, especially for urban centres.

In the next decade, I see BSF becoming a mainstream protein ingredient, not just an alternative. Large-scale operations will supply commercial feed mills, while decentralised systems will empower smallholder farmers. We’ll also see stronger policies and standards guiding the industry.

I want to continue bridging research and practice, generating knowledge while also ensuring it reaches farmers and entrepreneurs. My goal is to help make BSF a cornerstone of Africa’s sustainable feed sector, while mentoring the next generation of scientists.

FBMEA: What advice would you give to the next generation of scientists and innovators who want to explore insect protein?

GETOBAI: Stay curious but also stay practical. This field requires individuals who can effectively combine solid scientific principles with real-world applications. Don’t be discouraged by setbacks; every challenge is a chance to innovate. And most importantly, collaborate; this is not a journey to walk alone. Whatever the model, the key is to let the larvae work for you.

FBMEA: On a lighter note, what has been the most pleasantly surprising thing to happen because of your career in BSF research?

GETOBAI: Thanks to the BSF and the research work I have been working on. Last year (2024), I was recognised on stage at the Leaders’ Summit in New York by the United Nations Global Compact as one of twelve Global SDG Pioneers. This global award came after I was recognised as an SDG pioneer in Kenya, representing the SME sector. This award has opened up opportunities for collaboration and partnerships, including speaking engagements in global forums and the chance to work with agro-pastoralists in Kenya's southern rangelands to help build climate resilience.

FBMEA: Congratulations on that recognition, and cheers to many more to come. Now, finally, do you have any closing remarks?

GETOBAI: Thank you very much. I’d just say that BSF is not a silver bullet, but it’s a powerful tool in the toolbox for building resilient food systems. I hope more people, from researchers to policymakers, will see its potential and invest in scaling it responsibly. FBMEA

The Predictive Revolution: How AI Is Eliminating Downtime in the Feedmill

BY ANDRÉ MAGRINI CHIEF REVENUE OFFICER, OGI SYSTEMS*

The unexpected failure of a critical asset is the single greatest threat to margins and supply chain stability in the modern milling operation. When a component, say, a bearing in a key conveyor or a high-wear part in an extruder, fails, the ripple effect is immediate chaos and a loss of production control. The true competitive edge today belongs to the leader who can turn this operational threat into a source of predictable performance by mastering Predictive Maintenance (PreMa).

PreMa is no longer optional; it is the definitive strategy for moving operations from reactive firefighting to proactive industrial foresight. It centres on deploying AI-driven intelligence across the entire facility, ensuring that every asset, from the primary hammer mills to essential handling equipment, is continuously monitored and understood.

THE UNIVERSAL AI: BEYOND CRITICAL ASSETS

The challenge of downtime isn't isolated to just the most expensive machinery. Simple bottlenecks on a conveyor belt or a failure in an industrial motor can halt an entire line. The new standard for PreMa demands universal coverage,

achieved through integrated, smart sensor technology that tracks:

• Mechanical Stress: Real-time analysis of vibration and heat (temperature spikes) in rolling elements (bearings) and gearboxes to detect minor anomalies that precede catastrophic failure.

• Operational Load: Monitoring of motor and driver runhours to calculate component fatigue precisely and accurately forecast remaining useful life.

• Process Flow: Tracking process variables to ensure the overall system operates within normal parameters, defined by a constant stream of learning data2. This diagnostic capability relies on sophisticated Machine Learning (ML) models that calculate a Compound Anomaly Index (CAI), learning the "normal" state of every asset and flagging deviations the moment they appear.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF FORESIGHT: UNIFYING FRAGMENTED DATA

A common organisational problem arises when multiple advanced monitoring tools and legacy systems operate in

isolation, scattering critical data across disconnected platforms. This fragmentation leads to delayed reporting and prevents leaders from forming a single, coherent view of operational risk.

• To address this challenge, leading global companies are implementing an integrated architecture that serves as a system conductor to coordinate these diverse data sources.

• The Problem: Fragmented data from multiple monitoring tools and infrastructure creates a reporting delay, sometimes taking days to aggregate and analyse operational insights.

• The Solution: An organisation's technical partner deploys a unified dashboard and central data platform that forces data standardisation and aggregates insights from all disparate systems. This central view provides a complete blueprint for the facility’s health.

• The Impact: This cohesive approach yields powerful and swift results. For one company leveraging this model, the time required for accurate, real-time reporting was drastically reduced from three days to just 15 minutes. This speed gives maintenance teams the clarity needed to act proactively.

THE FUTURE OF CONTROL: AGENTIC AI AND SCENARIO PLANNING

The true value of modern PreMa lies in predictive power, achieved through the deployment of Agentic AI. These next-generation systems extend intelligence beyond simply identifying a risk, enabling strategic foresight and giving leaders control over future outcomes.

• Scenario Generation: Agentic AI uses the constant stream of high-fidelity data (vibration, temperature) to run

millions of hypothetical failure scenarios. This allows the system to predict not only when a part might fail, but what the cascading impact would be on the entire production schedule.

• Autonomous Optimisation: By simulating various outcomes, Agentic AI can recommend the precise next best action, whether that's scheduling a pre-emptive repair immediately or intelligently extending the maintenance window based on real-time risk calculations.

The ability to command this unified, intelligent system gives leaders the ultimate peace of mind. It allows them (the Hero of the operation) to transform the villain of unexpected downtime into a predictable, manageable line item, securing long-term operational resilience.

The shift toward intelligent operations marks the final evolution of manufacturing excellence. By embracing Predictive Maintenance, Machine Learning, and Agentic AI today, leaders are doing more than simply reducing costs; they are investing in the core predictability and resilience of their business for years to come. This data-driven foresight transforms the hidden risks of component failure into manageable events, guaranteeing maximum uptime and operational efficiency. The tangible return on investment isn't just measured in avoided breakdowns, but in the sustained competitive edge achieved when your entire facility operates with unmatched precision and clarity. The technology is here to secure that smarter, more profitable future—the time to implement this strategy is now. FBMEA

*Before joining OGI Systems, Magrini was a director for North America at AGI, a company in the agribusiness sector.

The Rise of Fodder in Africa’s Livestock Economy

BY WANGARI KAMAU

When the rains fail in Africa, the images that often make headlines are of emaciated cattle, goats, and sheep; livestock that otherwise represent food and livelihoods for millions of households. Behind those images lies a central truth that the survival and productivity of livestock are inseparable from the availability of fodder. For decades, fodder has been treated as a footnote, overshadowed by cereals, cash crops, and the booming market for commercially processed feeds. However, that is beginning to change. Across the continent, governments, investors, and development partners are now treating fodder as a sector with the power to stabilise rural economies, strengthen food security, and unlock new investment opportunities.

WHAT IS FODDER, AND WHY DOES IT MATTER?

Fodder refers to any plant material grown or deliberately harvested to feed livestock. It spans a wide range of sources, from napier grass, legumes like clover and lucerne, cereal plants like maize and sorghum, fodder shrubs like calliandra and leucaena, and even hydroponic sprouts of barley or maize. Each type offers a unique balance of energy, protein, and

adaptability to local conditions.

For farmers, steady access to nutritious fodder translates into higher milk yields, better meat quality, improved fertility, and reduced reliance on costly commercial concentrates. At national levels, strong fodder systems ease pressure on overstretched grazing lands, enrich soils through nitrogenfixing legumes, and help stabilise rural economies where livestock remain central to livelihoods.

The sticking point has always been seasonality. Across much of Africa, the rainy season brings abundance, while the dry months usher in scarcity. Conservation practices such as haymaking or ensiling chopped green fodder can bridge this gap, enabling farmers to store feed for leaner times. Yet adoption has lagged, held back by knowledge gaps, poor infrastructure, and limited investment. That landscape is beginning to change. Across the continent, renewed efforts are putting fodder at the heart of livestock strategies. Here are three case examples that highlight this shift.

KENYA BOLSTERS A FODDER ECONOMY

Kenya’s livestock sector is at the heart of its rural economy, contributing nearly 12% of GDP and supporting over 10 million

households. Yet the industry has been crippled repeatedly by severe feed shortages. The 2021–2022 drought alone resulted in the estimated loss of 2.5 million animals in the arid and semiarid lands (ASALs), erasing billions of shillings in household wealth. For years, the country's fodder supply has lagged far behind demand, resulting in a national deficit of nearly 30 million metric tonnes annually, equivalent to US$4.5 billion in unrealised feed value.

Recognising the scale of this crisis, Kenya is doubling down on fodder as a strategic sector worthy of investment. This mindset was evident at the inaugural Kenya Fodder and Forage Conservation Investors’ Forum (KEFFCIA) held in August 2025, which brought together government leaders, development partners, cooperatives, and private investors. The forum culminated in the launch of two major initiatives: the Cooperative Fodder Fund (CFF) and the Sustainable ASAL Fodder Economy (SAFE) project.

The Cooperative Fodder Fund (CFF) is designed as a revolving financial facility that channels capital directly to farmer cooperatives and community-based organisations. Backed initially with KES 1.6 billion (about US$12 million), the fund will help producer groups invest in seeds, conservation equipment, and storage infrastructure such as silos and hay barns. Its structure reflects a lesson from decades of development work in Kenya: smallholders rarely access commercial credit on favourable terms, but cooperatives can pool resources, manage risk collectively, and achieve economies of scale.

Complementing this is the Sustainable ASAL Fodder Economy (SAFE) project, valued at KES 1 billion (about US$8 million), which focuses specifically on building resilience in the drought-prone northern and eastern regions. SAFE is targeting the expansion of fodder reserves, the establishment of feed banks, and the promotion of drought-tolerant species, such as Sudan grass, sorghum, and fodder shrubs like calliandra. A key innovation under SAFE is the integration of early warning systems, enabling countries to trigger feed production and conservation before droughts reach crisis levels.

Together, these initiatives represent a structural shift as Kenya embeds fodder into its national economic planning. The government has signalled that fodder will be treated as a standalone enterprise within livestock development, one that can attract private capital, generate rural jobs, and reduce dependence on costly emergency feed relief.

As the AU-IBAR Director, Dr. Huyam Salih, remarked at the forum: “If we fix feed, we will have fixed food and we will have secured the future of our livestock sector, our economy and our people.”

RWANDA INVESTS IN CLIMATE-SMART FODDER INNOVATIONS

Elsewhere, Rwanda has taken an approach that integrates fodder into climate resilience, as is exemplified by the Transforming Eastern Province through Adaptation (TREPA) project, which is financed by the Green Climate Fund and

FOR DECADES,

FODDER HAS BEEN TREATED AS A FOOTNOTE, OVERSHADOWED BY CEREALS, CASH CROPS, AND THE MARKET FOR PROCESSED FEEDS. HOWEVER, THAT IS BEGINNING TO CHANGE

implemented by the IUCN in partnership with CIFOR-ICRAF, World Vision, the Rwanda Forestry Authority, and Cordaid. The US$49.6 million TREPA project aims to restore 60,000 hectares of degraded land while improving the livelihoods of more than 600,000 people. Fodder production is central to this effort. The project promotes drought-resilient grasses and legumes such as Brachiaria, Chloris gayana, and Desmodium, alongside the establishment of community fodder banks and seed distribution networks. By ensuring year-round feed availability, TREPA reduces pressure on natural pastures, stabilises soils, and enhances milk yields across smallholder farms.

Meanwhile, another critical initiative is Rwanda’s implementation of hydroponic fodder technology under the Rwanda Dairy Development Project (RDDP) – Phase 2. This system promotes the cultivation of fodder without soil, utilising up to 90% less water than conventional methods and requiring a minimal land area. It has proven especially valuable in areas facing land scarcity and recurrent droughts. Beyond conserving natural resources, hydroponics reduces deforestation pressures, cuts the carbon footprint by lowering feed transport needs, and limits reliance on synthetic fertilisers.

ETHIOPIA OPENS DOORS TO INVESTORS

With Africa’s largest livestock herd: over 70 million cattle, 42 million sheep, and 52.5 million goats, Ethiopia has long been described as a “sleeping giant” of animal agriculture. Yet productivity continues to lag, primarily because of chronic feed shortages. National feed balance studies indicate deficits of approximately 9% in dry matter, 45% in metabolizable energy, and 42% in crude protein, gaps that leave farmers struggling to maintain healthy, productive animals throughout the year.

In 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), launched the Ethiopian Livestock and Fisheries Investment Handbook to facilitate the mobilisation of private capital into the sector. The guide highlights fodder and feed production as a priority investment area, with opportunities ranging from commercial hay and silage production to feed processing and packaging, improved forage seed systems, and mechanised feed development using irrigation and climate-smart technologies.

To encourage investors, the government has paired the handbook with a suite of incentives that include tax holidays,

IN NUMBERS

600K

LAND UNDER FORAGE IN ETHIOPIA

duty-free import of equipment and inputs, streamlined financing through movable collateral registries, and access to land allocated by regional authorities. This investor-friendly posture is consistent with Ethiopia’s 10-year agricultural transformation plan, which positions livestock modernisation at the heart of national food security and rural development.

On the ground, regional governments are beginning to align with this vision. Oromia, for instance, earmarked 600,000 hectares for forage production in 2024, with tens of thousands of bales already banked for emergency use in drought-prone areas. Such measures signal that fodder is no longer seen as a peripheral activity but as a cornerstone of Ethiopia’s livestock future, one that can both close critical feed gaps and generate profitable opportunities for local and international agribusiness.

TOWARDS A CONTINENTAL SHIFT

On a continental level, the Resilient African Feed and Fodder Systems (RAFFS) project, led by the African Union-InterAfrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) with support from the Bill

& Melinda Gates Foundation, deserves a mention in this article.

Launched in late 2022, RAFFS is a threeyear initiative designed to respond to the “Triple C” crises: COVID-19, climate shocks, and the war in Ukraine, which have disrupted feed supply chains and exposed deep vulnerabilities. The project is collaborating with African Union Member States and Regional Economic Communities in IGAD, ECOWAS, and ECCAS to foster systemic resilience through enhanced data and analytics, innovative solutions, and crosssectoral partnerships.

The stakes are high. Livestock already contributes nearly a quarter of Africa’s agricultural GDP and sustains millions of households, with women making up the majority of those employed in the sector. By placing feed and fodder at the centre of agricultural transformation, RAFFS is reframing the sector as a strategic priority for the continent’s future. If successfully implemented, it will not only cushion the sector from shocks but also catalyse longterm investment and innovation.

FBMEA

THE INTERNATIONAL PET INDUSTRY HUB IN SOUTH EAST ASIA

Rethinking African Swine Fever Vaccines: Why One Size Won’t Fit

All

BY WANGARI KAMAU

The pork industry commands vast economic significance, with the global pig farming market valued at US$210.76 billion in 2024, according to The Business Research Company, and projected to reach US$277.09 billion by 2029. This growth is primarily driven by rising meat consumption and the increasing global demand for pork products as people’s disposable incomes increase.

Yet, the industry’s progress remains shadowed by African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and often fatal disease for which no globally approved commercial vaccine exists. In 2025, ASF once again took centre stage, as new studies highlighted the limits of existing vaccine candidates and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) adopted a global vaccine standard for the disease.

Since January 2022, outbreaks have resulted in the loss of more than 2 million pigs globally, affecting about 68 countries, according to the latest situation report by WOAH. The virus, which can wipe out nearly 100% of infected animals, has disrupted pork supplies, destabilised markets, and undermined livelihoods. For smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income

countries, many of whom raise pigs in backyard systems, the disease is particularly devastating.

NEW RESEARCH REVEALS VACCINE GAPS

Amid this backdrop, researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Plum Island Animal Disease Center in New York, working with the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Nairobi, set out to test a promising vaccine candidate. Their findings highlight both progress and new challenges.

The live-attenuated vaccine candidate, ASFV-G-ΔI177L, was tested against a range of ASF virus strains collected across Africa. When pigs were vaccinated and exposed to the same strain used to develop the vaccine, the results were encouraging: vaccinated pigs remained healthy while unvaccinated animals succumbed quickly. Against a strain isolated in Ghana, about 80% of vaccinated pigs survived.

But the story changed with other strains. Against genetically distinct variants from Malawi, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda, the vaccine offered no protection, despite generating strong immune responses.

These results point to a stark reality: ASF viruses are too genetically diverse for a single vaccine to offer universal protection. Current classification methods, which rely on analysing a single gene (p72), proved inadequate. In fact, two viruses with identical p72 sequences behaved very differently when tested against the vaccine.

TOWARDS REGION-SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS

To overcome this hurdle, USDA scientists have developed a new classification approach that examines the virus’s full set of protein-coding genes. This method, they argue, offers a more precise way to match vaccines with regional virus types.

“Although much further corroborative experimental work is needed, the classification developed will likely be the only available rational approach for deciding vaccination procedures to control and manage ASFV outbreaks,” explained Manuel Borca, USDA scientist.

ILRI’s Senior Scientist, Anna Lacasta, echoed this view: “This research reinforces the need to rethink our ASF vaccine strategies. A one-size-fits-all solution is unlikely. We need targeted vaccines aligned with the regional virus biotypes to maximise protection and control outbreaks. There is need to support the development and licensing of vaccines based on circulating ASFV biotypes.”

The findings, although sobering, represent a crucial step toward developing ASF vaccines that are effective in the field.

WOAH ESTABLISHES GLOBAL VACCINE STANDARDS

Just weeks before the USDA–ILRI research was published, another significant milestone was reached in Paris. At its 92nd General Session in June 2025, the World Organisation for Animal Health adopted its first international vaccine standard for ASF.

“This new standard marks a critical step forward in securing animal health,” said Emmanuelle Soubeyran, Director General of WOAH. “I am convinced that progress is within our grasp.

AGAINST GENETICALLY DISTINCT VARIANTS FROM MALAWI, KENYA, SOUTH AFRICA, AND UGANDA, THE VACCINE CANDIDATE (ASFV-GΔI177L) OFFERED NO PROTECTION, DESPITE GENERATING STRONG IMMUNE RESPONSES.

With sustained research and innovation, the development and use of high-quality, effective vaccines, alongside proven disease control strategies, can greatly reduce the toll ASF takes on communities and ecosystems.”

The standard outlines minimum requirements for vaccine safety, efficacy, and quality. It stresses that vaccines must:

• reduce disease severity and prevent transmission,

• provide effective immunity without causing harmful side effects, and

• align with the specific ASF strain circulating in a region, to avoid creating new, more dangerous variants through genetic recombination.

WOAH has also cautioned against poor-quality vaccines, which could undermine control efforts or allow the virus to mutate. Crucially, the agency emphasises that vaccination is not a silver bullet: it must complement biosecurity measures, import restrictions, and movement controls.

TOWARD A MULTI-FRONT FIGHT AGAINST ASF

Adding to this momentum, scientists from the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), and ILRI announced a breakthrough earlier this year: the creation of a synthetic genomics-based reverse genetics system for ASFV. Published in Science Advances, the study provides a powerful new platform for engineering modified ASFV strains, accelerating vaccine development and expanding scientific understanding of the virus.

“By developing a synthetic genomics-based reverse genetics system for ASFV, we are not only advancing our understanding of this virus but also creating tools that can be applied to other emerging viral threats,” said Sanjay Vashee, PhD, senior author of the study from JCVI.

For pig farmers, these developments signal both hope and caution. Region-tailored vaccines may eventually transform ASF management, but until they are widely available, biosecurity remains the most reliable defence. The USDA–ILRI findings, WOAH’s new vaccine standards, and advances in genetic engineering all point to a central lesson: ASF will not be defeated by a single solution, but through a combination of targeted vaccines, rigorous safeguards, and bold scientific innovation. If these efforts align, the global pork industry may finally begin to turn the tide against one of its most formidable adversaries. FBMEA

Peste Des Petits Ruminants In Africa

The Fight To Eradicate Goat Plague

BY WANGARI KAMAU

It strikes fast, spreads silently, and kills mercilessly. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), or “goat plague,” has become one of the most feared livestock diseases in Africa. With mortality rates reaching up to 70% in naïve flocks, the virus sweeps across borders and devastates small ruminant populations, undermining food security and rural livelihoods across the continent. Once heralded as the next animal disease to be eradicated after rinderpest, which was officially eradicated from the world in 2011, PPR is proving more challenging to contain than expected. Instead of fading away, it continues to appear in new regions around the world.

According to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), “PPR is one of the most devastating animal diseases, threatening the livelihoods of more than 300 million rural families worldwide, particularly women, who often manage small ruminants.” Global losses are estimated to be between US$1.5 billion and US$2.1 billion annually, with Africa bearing nearly a third of the burden. For communities where goats and sheep serve as a form of currency and a source of nutrition, the disease can mean the collapse of an entire household's economy.

Yet experts insist that eradication is not only possible but within reach. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) developed the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR (GCES) in 2015, a roadmap to eliminate the disease by 2030. The plan relies on mass vaccination, coupled with stronger surveillance, improved biosecurity, and coordinated regional cooperation.

MOROCCO’S VACCINATION SUCCESS STORY

Few countries have demonstrated the effectiveness of vaccines against PPR more effectively than Morocco. The nation reported its first outbreak in 2008, when more than 2,300 sheep and 200 goats died within seven months. Authorities wasted no time in responding. From 2008 to 2010, they vaccinated 90% of all susceptible animals each year. Since 2020, Morocco has adopted a biennial approach, running campaigns against both PPR and sheep pox with a bivalent vaccine that now covers 22.4 million animals in each round.

For Dr. Abderrahman El Abrak, WOAH Delegate for Morocco, vaccination is the only realistic strategy in such

a highly mobile region. “In Morocco, as in other countries in the Maghreb and other African countries, animals are moved quite frequently. It is practically difficult to adopt a PPR control strategy based solely on sanitary measures, because controlling animal movements is very difficult, if not impossible, under current conditions.”

That is why, he argues, vaccines must remain central. “We believe that adopting an approach combining vaccination with other sanitary measures as a means of controlling and eradicating a disease such as PPR is the most appropriate choice for our context, despite its cost, and the results obtained from this vaccination approach are perceptible.”

Morocco’s achievements rest on more than just the vaccines themselves. Since the 1980s, the country has deliberately built a strong private veterinary sector, encouraging practitioners to establish clinics in rural areas. This network now plays a pivotal role in national vaccination drives and farmer engagement. As Dr. El Abrak explains, “Their support has been crucial in reaching our objectives, particularly in covering as many livestock farmers as possible at the national level, as well as raising awareness and motivating farmers to participate in the vaccination campaigns.”

Morocco also produces vaccines locally, ensuring a steady supply and competitive prices. Two pharmaceutical companies now manufacture effective PPR vaccines domestically, ensuring a steady supply at competitive prices and reducing reliance on external sources. Each national campaign costs approximately US$12 million, with three-quarters of the budget allocated to the veterinary workforce and the remainder

THE WORLD ORGANISATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH (WOAH) AND FAO DEVELOPED THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF PPR (GCES) IN 2015, A ROADMAP TO ELIMINATE THE DISEASE BY 2030.

to vaccine doses. As a result of this significant investment, Morocco declared its last outbreak over in December 2022, proof that sustained vaccination can turn the tide against PPR.

SAHEL CAMPAIGNS AND THEIR CHALLENGES

Nowhere are the stakes of PPR eradication more evident than in the Sahel. Across Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal, goats and sheep are a daily safety net for millions of pastoral households, and when disease wipes out herds, it wipes out livelihoods.

To protect this lifeline, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the World Bank, through the Regional Sahel Pastoralism Support Project (PRAPS), delivered more than 118 million vaccine doses between 2016 and 2022, with an impressive 32.2 million doses delivered in 2022 alone. These large-scale campaigns represent one of the most ambitious

regional vaccination efforts ever mounted in Africa.

However, harsh landscapes, insecurity, and stretched veterinary services make it difficult to sustain the high coverage rates needed to stop viral circulation. Compounding the problem is the reliance on heat-sensitive vaccines that often lose potency before reaching animals in remote areas. Many districts still fall short of the 70% vaccination threshold that scientists say is critical to break transmission.

The greatest obstacle of all lies in movement. In the Sahel’s vast and porous borderlands, herders follow seasonal pastures across multiple countries, often beyond the reach of formal checkpoints. Every migration carries the risk of spreading the virus as well. National vaccination campaigns, no matter how well-executed, can be undermined overnight when infected animals cross borders.

SOUTHERN AFRICA BUILDS A DEFENSIVE BUFFER

While the Sahel battles recurring outbreaks, Southern Africa is fighting a different battle: keeping the virus out entirely. Southern Africa remains one of the few regions still free of PPR. That status, however, is precarious. Endemic zones lie just beyond the horizon, and porous borders make introduction only a matter of time without vigilance.

Determined not to wait for disaster, veterinary authorities, policymakers, and development partners met in Lusaka, Zambia, in August 2025 to chart a protective strategy. The three-day gathering culminated in a SADC Regional Action Plan that outlines buffer zones, enhances surveillance, and coordinates vaccination logistics to keep the region free of the disease.

“Livestock are not merely a food source; they represent dignity, wealth, and social stability,” Zambia’s Minister of Livestock, Honourable Peter Kapala, reminded delegates. He urged the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to treat PPR prevention as a shared mission. “Eradication is only possible if we work together; sharing best practices, harmonising our approaches, and supporting one another with the necessary resources.”

The plan has drawn strong international backing. The European Union has already invested EUR 8 million (approximately US$8.8 million) through AU-IBAR to support governance mechanisms and is considering an additional EUR 50 million (approximately US$55 million) in grants, with up to EUR 40 million (approximately US$44 million) in blended financing available.

INNOVATION BRINGS NEW HOPE

One of the greatest barriers to PPR control has been the cold chain. Traditional vaccines degrade within hours once reconstituted, a fatal flaw in regions with poor infrastructure and extreme heat.

That changed in May 2025 with the rollout of OvipestePlus, a thermotolerant vaccine jointly developed by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Mali’s Central Veterinary Laboratory (LCV), and India’s Hester Biosciences.

ERADICATION IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF WE WORK TOGETHER; SHARING BEST PRACTICES, HARMONISING OUR APPROACHES, AND SUPPORTING ONE ANOTHER WITH THE NECESSARY RESOURCES.

Unlike its predecessors, OvipestePlus retains potency for up to nine days at temperatures of 32.5°C to 38.5°C and seven days at 40°C, with laboratory trials confirming a 99% efficacy rate. Validated by the African Union’s Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (PANVAC), it has already begun deployment in Mali, one of the hardest-hit PPR zones.

ILRI researchers are confident in its potential. “With Mali’s hot and rising temperatures and generally poor infrastructure, the validated thermotolerant PPR vaccine OvipestePlus shows technical superiority over the current thermolabile PPR vaccine,” the institute noted. Experts believe that scaling up this vaccine across Africa could serve as a “force multiplier”, amplifying the reach and impact of vaccination campaigns where cold-chain challenges have long limited progress.

A ONCE-IN-A-GENERATION OPPORTUNITY

Despite the challenges, PPR is unlike many other livestock diseases: it can be eradicated. The virus infects only small ruminants, vaccines are safe and effective, and lessons from rinderpest provide a clear blueprint. What is now required is political will, financial investment, and, above all, regional solidarity.

The Pan-African Programme for the Eradication of PPR, launched in February 2025, estimates that global eradication will cost US$1.93 billion. While significant, this investment is expected to deliver outsized returns: strengthening food security, reducing poverty, and safeguarding the economic stability of millions of households.

Still, no country can succeed alone. As Morocco’s Dr. Abderrahman El Abrak warns, “Given the difficulty of effectively and sustainably controlling the risks associated with illegal animal movements across borders, the only way to control this risk is through a coordinated regional and sub-regional approach to fighting the disease. Without a coordinated regional approach to PPR control, it will be difficult for us to eradicate the disease based on our own efforts alone. That being said, PPR eradication is possible.”

The road ahead is complex, but the prize, ending goat plague by 2030, represents an animal health milestone and a transformation for rural families across the continent. FBMEA

Bird Flu’s Global Resurgence: Outbreaks, Trade Fallout, and What Comes Next

BY NICHOLAS NG'ANG'A

Bird flu, formally known as avian influenza, has reemerged as one of the most persistent threats to poultry production, wildlife, and trade worldwide. The current wave of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is particularly disruptive because it is no longer limited to backyard flocks or isolated farms. Outbreaks are emerging in some of the world's largest poultry-producing nations, prompting governments to take drastic measures and triggering a cascade of trade bans that are reshaping global markets.

GLOBAL OUTBREAKS

In recent months, bird flu has been detected in several regions, prompting authorities to take swift action. In northern Germany, veterinary officials confirmed an H5N1 outbreak on a farm in Schenefeld in early September, where 2,800 laying hens were affected and around 100 died. Portugal also reported the virus around the same time This occurred at a large duck farm near Lisbon, where more than 1,000 of the 257,650 birds

succumbed.

These outbreaks are already spilling into trade. China has already moved to block poultry imports from Spain after new avian flu cases were reported there, adding to earlier restrictions on Brazilian chicken that disrupted flows from the world’s top poultry exporter. Meanwhile, Morocco also suspended poultry shipments from Portugal, covering live birds, meat, eggs, and feed products, with only heat-treated feed allowed under strict certification.

In Africa, South Africa was among the hardest hit. In July, veterinary officials confirmed new H5N1 cases on two poultry farms. One in Tswaing, North West province, lost 300 birds, while another in Mkhondo, Mpumalanga, reported 850 deaths. At least 1,150 birds were affected in total.

These were the first confirmed cases since September 2023. The country had already culled about 7.5 million chickens in efforts to contain outbreaks that stretched from 2023 into 2024. That crisis wiped out nearly a third of the national flock, disrupting supply and dealing heavy losses to

producers. The latest resurgence renewed scrutiny of South Africa’s vaccination programme, with critics arguing that gaps in its rollout had left farms vulnerable.

WHY DOES BIRD FLU TRIGGER TRADE BANS?

The disease triggers immediate trade bans in most regions because of its lethality. Avian influenza comes in many forms, but highly pathogenic strains, such as H5N1 and H5N8, remain the most feared. These viruses can decimate entire flocks in days, forcing rapid culling to contain their spread. That destructiveness makes them more than an animal-health issue. Each outbreak carries high economic costs and poses wider biological risks.

The way the disease circulates compounds the challenge. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are natural carriers, often moving the virus across continents along migration routes. They can shed the virus through droppings or contaminated water without showing symptoms, creating a steady pipeline of risk to commercial farms. Once detected, even a single case is treated as a potential spark for wider transmission, justifying immediate bans from trading partners.

For major exporters, the economic shock from the bans is severe. Brazil, which supplies chicken to markets across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, faced shipment rejections and cancelled contracts after bird flu surfaced on a farm earlier this year. Export bans disrupted its agribusiness chain, from processors to feed producers who depend on steady flock sizes. Prices at home rose as producers attempted to redirect their supply, while importers scrambled to find alternative sources. Brazil regained bird flu–free status under World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) guidelines after 28 days without new cases, but many trading partners kept restrictions in place.

CHALLENGES & GAPS IN THE GLOBAL RESPONSE

Even with swift responses, a number of obstacles make controlling bird flu and managing trade fallout more complicated.

• One of the biggest challenges is detection. Outbreaks can go undetected for days or even weeks, allowing the virus to spread from one farm to another before anyone is aware of it. Studies on Brazil’s outbreak have shown that even a five- to ten-day delay in detection can sharply increase the number of secondary infections. For countries with dense poultry production, that means a small gap in surveillance could translate into a nationwide crisis.

• Policy differences added another layer of tension. Not all trading partners followed the same rules regarding bans. Some accepted “regionalisation,” restricting imports only from affected provinces or states. Others reject that approach and cut off entire countries, regardless of how limited the outbreak may have been. That patchwork of responses leaves exporters frustrated and creates uncertainty for global buyers who struggle to plan around shifting policies.

THE WAY THE DISEASE SPREADS COMPOUNDS THE CHALLENGE. WILD WATERFOWL AND SHOREBIRDS ARE NATURAL CARRIERS,

OFTEN MOVING THE VIRUS ACROSS CONTINENTS ALONG MIGRATION ROUTES.

• Wild birds are the most challenging variable to control. Migratory waterfowl and shorebirds continue to carry HPAI strains across borders, often without showing signs of illness. They could spread the virus through droppings or brief contact with farm flocks. Even countries with strong on-farm biosecurity measures find themselves vulnerable when migratory birds pass overhead. Monitoring these populations requires resources that many nations struggle to sustain.

These factors feed into a deeper conflict between animal health and international trade. Exporting nations fight to keep their access to lucrative markets, while importing countries prioritise shielding their poultry industries and, in some cases, their public health systems.

WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS

Despite the heavy blows of the past two years, there are signs that the poultry industry is beginning to recover. In Brazil, optimism grows as news emerged that a Chinese inspection team would visit Rio Grande do Sul in September to assess conditions following earlier outbreaks. The move raises hopes that Beijing might soon reopen its market to Brazilian poultry. Gilberto Tomazoni, chief executive of JBS, said he was confident sales could restart before the end of the month, though the final decision rests with Chinese regulators.

Brazil’s role in the global recovery extends beyond trade. The country has also been chosen by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to host an international meeting on bird flu prevention and control later this year. The FAO pointed to Brazil’s containment efforts as a reason it was well placed to lead discussions on managing future outbreaks.

In Africa, South Africa is also advancing its own long-term solutions. In July 2025, the country launched a pilot vaccination program for commercial breeders, beginning with Astral Foods’ broiler operations. The vaccines are meant to confer enough immunity to prevent severe illness and mass deaths. For producers, that means a chance to avoid the devastating financial strain of mass culling and supply shortages.

Together, these steps point to a sector adapting rather than collapsing. Recovery will not be immediate, and risks from wild birds, detection gaps, and shifting trade rules still linger.

FBMEA

Mycotoxin Threats in Feed: A Closer Look at Middle East and Africa Trends (Jan–Jun 2025)

BY LYDIA KHASOA

Mycotoxin contamination remains one of the most persistent feed safety issues worldwide. The dsm-firmenich World Mycotoxin Survey for January to June 2025, based on more than 10,000 samples from over 80 countries, provides a detailed overview of global mycotoxin contamination in animal feed. The report highlights the widespread presence of mycotoxins - fungal metabolites that pose serious risks to livestock health, productivity, and food safety. While global co-contamination trends continue to rise, data from the Middle East and Africa (MEA) regions reveal particular vulnerabilities.

REGIONAL PREVALENCE AND RISK PROFILES

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the total mycotoxin risk level reached 81%, indicating that more than four out of five samples contained at least one mycotoxin above the recommended thresholds. This places the MENA region among the highest-risk regions globally, ranking just behind South Asia (94%), East Asia (92%), China (90%), North America (85%), and Central America (84%). Fumonisin (FUM) was the most prevalent toxin, detected in 94% of samples. Average concentrations exceeded 800 parts per billion (ppb), with some samples reaching 11,027 ppb, more than 20 times the 500 ppb threshold considered hazardous for livestock. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in 89% of samples, averaging 262 ppb, while zearalenone (ZEN) was present in 83%. Aflatoxins were detected in 36% of samples, with a relatively low average concentration.

These figures highlight the prevalence of Fusarium toxins, including FUM, DON, and ZEN, in the MENA region. These compounds are known to

impair immune function, reduce feed intake, and compromise reproductive performance in livestock. While aflatoxin prevalence was lower, its carcinogenic potential means even minimal exposure can be hazardous.

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Sub-Saharan Africa presented a slightly lower total risk level at 67%, yet the region recorded the highest global prevalence of DON, detected in 94% of samples. This is particularly concerning given DON’s impact on feed refusal and gastrointestinal health in monogastric animals. ZEN and FUM were also widespread, found in 66% and 62% of samples, respectively, while aflatoxins appeared in 28%. South Africa, analysed separately, showed a DON prevalence of 89%, reinforcing the toxin’s dominance across the region.

BROADER IMPLICATIONS AND BRIDGING THE GAPS

The implications of these findings extend beyond animal health. Mycotoxins represent a critical food security issue, particularly in regions where climatic conditions favour fungal growth and testing infrastructure is limited or inconsistent. Contaminated feed can lead to reduced animal productivity, increased veterinary costs, lower meat and milk yields, and potential carryover of toxins into the human food chain. The co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins, observed in nearly all samples globally, exacerbates the challenge. Even when individual toxin levels fall below regulatory thresholds, their combined effects can result in significant health and economic consequences.

To address these risks, the report emphasises the importance of advanced analytical technologies. Techniques such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) and Spectrum 380® have enabled the detection of over 800 metabolites, including masked and emerging mycotoxins that conventional methods may overlook. These tools are essential

CONTAMINATED FEED CAN LEAD TO REDUCED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY, INCREASED VETERINARY COSTS, LOWER MEAT AND MILK YIELDS, AND POTENTIAL CARRYOVER OF TOXINS INTO THE HUMAN FOOD CHAIN.

for identifying compounds that evade standard detection, such as modified or plant-derived toxin forms. For stakeholders in the MENA and Sub-Saharan Africa regions, investing in such technologies or partnering with laboratories equipped to utilise them could significantly enhance risk assessment and mitigation. Improved detection capabilities would support more accurate feed quality monitoring, informed management decisions, and ultimately safer food systems.

The report also flags emerging and unregulated mycotoxins, compounds frequently found on agricultural commodities but not yet subject to formal regulation. Though their toxicity is still under investigation, early studies suggest potential risks to animal health, including immunosuppression, organ damage, and reproductive effects. EFSA has begun publishing risk assessments for several of these, including moniliformin (genotoxic and cardiotoxic in broilers), alternariol (mutagenic and cytotoxic in vitro), sterigmatocystin (a precursor to aflatoxins with hepatotoxic effects), beauvericin and enniatins (linked to immune system disruption and fat tissue accumulation), and mycophenolic acid (associated with immunosuppression). These findings underscore the need for expanded surveillance and forward-looking feed safety strategies.

MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

The 2025 mid-year survey recommends region-specific mitigation strategies tailored to the dominant toxins and local conditions. In the MENA region, efforts should focus on fumonisins and DON, while Sub-Saharan Africa must prioritise DON and ZEN. Effective interventions include improving feed storage conditions to limit fungal growth, utilising detoxifiers to neutralise toxins, conducting regular testing using advanced methods, and establishing supportive policy frameworks that reflect local infrastructure, climate, and species sensitivities.

Climate change compounds these risks by altering fungal growth patterns and toxin profiles, making proactive surveillance and flexible response systems essential. To translate insights into action, collaboration among feed producers, veterinary authorities, policymakers, and researchers is critical. Addressing these risks is vital to safeguarding animal productivity and public health across vulnerable regions. FBMEA

Where the Global Pet Industry Comes to Life - Highlights from Pet Fair Asia 2025

From August 20 to 24, 2025, the 27th edition of Pet Fair Asia, held at the Shanghai New International Expo Center hosted over 2,600 exhibitors across 25 halls, attracting 130,000 professional visitors from more than 90 countries. Consumer attendance surged to a record 390,000 visitors, while international participation increased by more than 20%, reflecting China’s growing influence in the global pet economy.

The fair’s international character reached new heights this year. Beyond its traditionally strong representation from South Korea and Japan, participation surged from India, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, while South America made its mark through expanding trade relations with China and the introduction of new visa-waiver policies. This cosmopolitan blend positioned the event as a unique hub for cross-continental exchange and collaboration.

The Pet Fair Asia International Buyer Club deepened this global synergy, hosting over 100 selected buyers from 20 countries for targeted business-matching sessions with more than 300 exhibitors, underscoring the show’s growing importance as a strategic entry point into Asia’s booming markets.

Across the exhibition halls, traditional categories such as pet food, health, and supplies shared the spotlight with fastgrowing niches, including functional nutrition and fresh diets, smart technologies, pet fashion, and travel solutions. Together, they illustrated how deeply the pet economy now intertwines with human lifestyle trends.

20-24 August, 2025 | Shanghai New International Expo Center

The DISCOVERY Zone showcased over 500 new products launched globally in the past three months. Meanwhile, the inaugural Pet Fashion Week blended couture and creativity to redefine pet aesthetics. Emerging talent also found its platform through the Start Up program, co-hosted with Little Red Book, which spotlighted over 50 new brands and designers.

Despite global economic headwinds, the presence of international companies continued to rise, proving that the world’s pet industry sees China and Asia as essential growth frontiers. Pavilions from Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, and, for the first time, Poland and the United States graced the event.

These interactions highlighted one of Pet Fair Asia’s greatest strengths: its dual B2B and B2C model, which enables brands to secure major trade deals while engaging directly with end consumers. Looking ahead, the 28th Pet Fair Asia will return to Shanghai from August 19 to 23, 2026, promising another record-breaking year in scale, innovation, and global participation.

Africa’s Race To Eliminate Rabies By 2030

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Every year, rabies kills nearly 59,000 people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Almost half of these victims are children under the age of 15, and more than 95% of cases occur in Africa and Asia. The tragedy is that rabies can be stopped. Vaccinating dogs, the primary reservoir responsible for up to 99% of human cases, combined with timely access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for bite victims, provides complete protection. Yet once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal. With a near-100% fatality rate in both humans and animals, it remains one of the most feared zoonotic diseases.

This year’s World Rabies Day, observed on 28 September under the theme “Act Now: You, Me, Community”, is a call to urgency. It underscores the shared responsibility of governments, veterinarians, health workers, and communities to eliminate dog-mediated rabies by 2030. The tools exist. The challenge now is ensuring they reach the people and places that need them most.

A GLOBAL PUSH: ZERO BY 30

In 2015, the quadripartite of WHO, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the Global Alliance for Rabies

Control (GARC) launched the Zero by 30 initiative, an ambitious global strategic plan to achieve zero human deaths from dogmediated rabies by 2030.

The plan rests on five pillars: improved access to PEP, mass dog vaccination, stronger surveillance, community education, and sustained multistakeholder engagement. It has already driven many African countries to elevate rabies as a top One Health priority, recognising its severe burden and the potential to save thousands of lives with the right mix of political will and resources.

Emmanuelle Soubeyran, Director General of WOAH, has emphasised the equity dimension of this fight: “While rabies can be eliminated, inequities are exacerbating the situation. To do this, we must tackle the disease’s root causes, promoting equitable access to rabies vaccines for dogs and to human post-exposure prophylaxis.”

COUNTRY SPOTLIGHTS ACROSS AFRICA

The inequities Soubeyran describes are evident across Africa, where dog bites are common and post-exposure treatment is often costly or unavailable. In Uganda, for instance, the Ministry of Health recorded more than 67,000 animal bites and 190 human deaths between 2021 and 2024. Over the same period, the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and

Fisheries reported more than 3,000 suspected rabid dogs and 356 dog deaths.

To address this, Uganda has launched its first National Rabies Elimination Strategy (2025–2030), a coordinated plan under the One Health framework that aligns with the global Zero by 30 goal. The strategy emphasises mass dog vaccination, improved PEP access, and community awareness campaigns.

Writing on LinkedIn, veterinarian and epidemiologist Dr. Aminah Namwabira stressed: “The war against rabies is not just a government responsibility; it requires the participation of every Ugandan. With a clear national strategy in place and partner support, the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies is within reach.”

Across the border in Kenya, similar efforts are underway. The country has committed to eliminating rabies by 2030, though significant surveillance gaps remain. Studies by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the University of Nairobi revealed weak links between dog bites and reported human rabies cases, pointing to widespread under-reporting. Researchers concluded that such gaps “hamper timely interventions and understate the burden of rabies,” limiting the ability to direct resources effectively.

A 2025 study published in Frontiers in Public Health analysed Kenya’s rabies surveillance data between 2017 and 2023, revealing an average of 162 cases and 84 deaths in dogs, alongside 53 human cases and six deaths. While strong correlations were found between dog bites and rabies cases in

THE

ZERO BY 30 INITIATIVE RESTS ON FIVE PILLARS: IMPROVED ACCESS TO PEP, MASS DOG VACCINATION, STRONGER SURVEILLANCE, COMMUNITY EDUCATION, AND SUSTAINED MULTISTAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT.

dogs, no statistically significant relationship emerged between dog bites and human rabies cases. The negative correlation between dog and human cases suggested under-reporting, misdiagnosis, or limited access to care. Researchers concluded that strengthening reporting and diagnostics is critical to the Kenya Rabies Elimination Strategy, which adopts a stepwise One Health approach.

Further west, Nigeria faces an even steeper challenge. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control estimates around 10,000 human rabies cases annually, yet official reports from 2017 to 2022 documented fewer than 1,000. This stark gap highlights systemic under-reporting and the urgent need for reform. Experts argue that to achieve Zero by 30, Nigeria must rigorously enforce its national strategy, conduct regular mass

vaccination campaigns, and prioritise community engagement. Public–private partnerships are seen as essential to ensure sustainable vaccine supply, dog population management, and reliable data for decision-making.

In Ghana, meanwhile, steady progress has been made since 2015, aligning with the global goal of zero human deaths by 2030. A milestone came in 2019, when the Veterinary Services Directorate, supported by FAO, vaccinated more than one million dogs in one of the largest campaigns in the country’s history. Universities such as KNUST have contributed by mobilising veterinary students to deliver free rabies vaccinations and community education. The Ghana Health Service has also decentralised access to PEP, while NGOs have introduced digital tools such as Ghana’s first canine census and mobile health applications to improve awareness and surveillance. Persistent challenges, however, include vaccine shortages, gaps in data, and large stray dog populations.

In East Africa’s high-burden zones, Ethiopia stands out for both the scale of its rabies problem and its recent progress. The country records an estimated 2,700 human deaths annually, one of the highest totals on the continent. Guided by the Stepwise Approach to Rabies Elimination (SARE), Ethiopia has advanced from the earliest stage of readiness in 2016 to stage two by 2023. A significant milestone came in 2022–2023, when the Ministry of Agriculture and partners vaccinated more than 350,000 dogs across nine regions, the largest campaign in the nation’s history. Public awareness initiatives have grown in parallel, but gaps remain. Surveillance and diagnostics are limited, outdated nerve tissue vaccines are still in use for PEP,

RABIES CAN BE ELIMINATED. WE MUST TACKLE THE DISEASE’S ROOT CAUSES, PROMOTING EQUITABLE ACCESS TO RABIES VACCINES FOR DOGS AND TO HUMAN POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS.

and reliance on traditional healers hampers reporting. Even so, Ethiopia’s expanding One Health coordination offers a hopeful trajectory.

Finally, Tanzania is emerging as a regional leader. In May 2025, it became the first East African country, and only the fourth worldwide, to receive official endorsement from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) for its national rabies control programme. “This endorsement is a clear example of what effective coordination and commitment can achieve,” said Dr. Nyabenyi Tipo, FAO Representative to Tanzania. The achievement reflects years of mass dog vaccination, strengthened surveillance, and One Health coordination, supported by FAO’s Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD). WOAH’s endorsement has

positioned Tanzania as a continental model, proving that with political will, strong partnerships, and community engagement, rabies elimination is within reach.

THE WAY FORWARD: ONE HEALTH AND COMMUNITY ACTION

These snapshots reveal both progress and gaps. They show that while countries are moving in the right direction, the pace must accelerate if Africa is to reach the Zero by 30 goal. Encouragingly, there are global success stories to learn from. In Sri Lanka, for example, human rabies deaths dropped from 377 in the mid-1970s to just 31 in 2021 through a sustained One Health approach of mass dog vaccination, public awareness, and universal access to PEP. Experts stress that rabies elimination “does not depend on the socioeconomic level of countries but on government commitment and investment, the formulation of laws and regulations, public engagement and participation, mobilisation of funds, and the utilisation of resources.”

Rabies Free Africa, an initiative based at Washington State University, is demonstrating how scalable vaccination campaigns can succeed in underserved areas. “By focusing on vaccinating dogs, the primary source of human

rabies cases, we break the transmission cycle and protect the most vulnerable populations,” the program explains. Such models are essential in rural Africa, where logistical challenges often block progress.

Ultimately, rabies elimination requires a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health sectors, backed by strong political will and community ownership. Governments must commit resources to mass dog vaccination and PEP; health systems must strengthen surveillance and diagnostics; and communities must adopt responsible dog ownership and promote awareness.

The elimination of rabies is not only a technical challenge, but also a moral imperative. Every rabies death is preventable, yet families across Africa continue to mourn loved ones lost to this ancient disease. The strategies adopted so far point to a growing continental movement. But the clock is ticking: 2030 is just five years away.

This World Rabies Day, the message could not be clearer: Act now; whether by vaccinating your pets, joining awareness campaigns, or demanding equitable access to life-saving tools. The health of our people, the safety of our communities, and the promise of a rabies-free Africa depend on it.

FBMEA

Elevating Pet Nutrition In Veterinary Practice:

Purina Institute’s new handbook for well-pet care

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Arecent survey by the Purina Institute reveals a striking disconnect between pet owners’ expectations and veterinarians’ practices. While 96% of pet owners rely on veterinarians for nutrition advice, only 22–34% of vets raise the subject proactively. Yet 78% of owners said that nutritional guidance is a critical part of their satisfaction with a veterinary clinic.

Recognising this gap, the Purina Institute has launched the Handbook of Canine and Feline Well-Pet Nutrition, a new e-book designed to help veterinary professionals integrate nutrition seamlessly into preventive care. The handbook provides science-based, product-agnostic guidance, ensuring that nutrition conversations can become a more routine and effective part of clinical practice.

“Overall, the data show that we, as veterinarians, may not be having nutrition conversations as often as ideal, and when I say ‘often as ideal,’ that refers to both the pet and pet health, but also what the owner desires,” said Catherine Lenox, DVM, DACVIM (Nutrition), one of the handbook’s coauthors and editors.

SCIENCE MADE PRACTICAL

The handbook brings together the expertise of 54 contributors from 20 countries, offering a global perspective on canine and feline nutrition. It covers fundamental topics such as nutrient functions, specialised diets across life stages, and proactive strategies for long-term health. What distinguishes the resource, however, is its accessibility. The chapters are short, the takeaways are clear, and the content is supported with

visuals and communication tips for quick reference in practice.

“This is a one-of-a-kind resource with a global perspective containing unbiased, science-based information, and it’s designed with the busy veterinary professional in mind, containing tips and tools to help with veterinary health care teams having those difficult nutrition conversations with clients,” said Jason Gagné, DVM, DACVIM (Nutrition), director of external relations at the Purina Institute.

For Natalia Wagemans, global head of the Purina Institute, the handbook simplifies complexity while keeping both the pet’s and the owner’s needs in focus. “Nutritional science has evolved significantly, and there are many facets to consider in a well-pet diet, not just from the pet’s perspective, such as life stage, activity level and body condition, but also the owner’s lifestyle, budget and preferences,” she explained.

WHY TIME AND TRAINING MATTER

Despite nutrition’s central role in pet health, many veterinarians graduate without strong training in the subject. This lack of preparation can leave professionals hesitant to raise nutrition in client conversations.

“A global issue in veterinary education...is sometimes nutrition is not emphasised enough, so a lot of veterinarians graduate without having the confidence that they need [for] having these conversations, especially when there are opposing opinions regarding nutrition,” said Jonathan Stockman, DVM, DACVIM (Nutrition), coauthor and editor of the handbook. For him, the handbook offers a reliable, quick-reference guide that supports clinicians in addressing client concerns with confidence.

THIS IS A ONE-OF-A-KIND RESOURCE WITH A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE CONTAINING UNBIASED, SCIENCEBASED INFORMATION,

AND IT’S DESIGNED WITH THE BUSY VETERINARY PROFESSIONAL

IN MIND.

PART OF A LARGER TOOLKIT

The Handbook of Canine and Feline Well-Pet Nutrition is not a standalone effort. It complements the Handbook of Canine and Feline Clinical Nutrition, published in 2023, and CentreSquare, an online communication platform developed by the Purina Institute, which provides practical tools to support compliance. Together, these resources align with the Institute’s mission to unlock the power of nutrition so pets can live longer, healthier lives.

As pet ownership continues to rise and demand for proactive care grows, the role of nutrition in preventive medicine is becoming more critical. For veterinary teams, the new handbook equips them with both the science and the strategies to make diet discussions a routine part of care.

FBMEA

World Aquaculture Safari 2025 (WA25 Uganda) Exemplifies Momentum in African Aquaculture

From June 24 to 27, 2025, the World Aquaculture Safari 2025 (WA25 Uganda) transformed the Speke Resort in Munyonyo–Kampala into a global stage for dialogue, innovation, and collaboration in aquaculture. Held under the theme “Aquaculture on the Rise,” the conference marked a major return to large-scale, in-person gatherings on the continent.

Hosted by the Government of Uganda through the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), WA25 Uganda drew over 1,800 participants from 79 countries, the majority from across Africa. Delegates included policymakers, entrepreneurs, scientists, technical specialists, and development partners.

WA25 Uganda marked the second World Aquaculture Society (WAS) global event to be hosted in Africa, following the 2017 edition in Cape Town, South Africa. Since then, the WAS African Chapter has maintained steady momentum with the Annual Aquaculture Africa Conferences (AFRAQs) in Egypt (2022), Zambia (2023), and Tunisia (2024).

The conference was officially opened by Uganda’s Vice President, H.E. Jessica Rose Epel Alupo, who was joined by senior government officials and high-level representatives from leading development partners, including the African Union (AU), East African Community (EAC), European Union (EU), GIZ, World Bank, and FAO. Also in attendance were Dr. David Cline, WAS Global President, and Ms. Foluke Areola, President of the WAS African Chapter.

WA25 Uganda’s scientific and technical programme featured 61 sessions, over 500 abstracts, 99 posters, four workshops, and multiple side meetings, with the agenda encompassing themes ranging from fish nutrition and feed formulation to genetics, disease management, and climatesmart production.

Complementing the conference sessions was a major international trade exhibition, featuring 77 booths from over 20 countries. Delegates also embarked on technical tours, including visits to De Heus Ltd’s new aquafeed factory in Jinja, the Victoria Treasures Ltd cage farm in Entebbe, and the Aquaculture Research and Development Centre at Kajjansi.

On the sidelines, the WAS Global Board of Directors and the African Chapter Board held meetings to deliberate on the strategic direction of the organisation. The event concluded with the recognition of its lead sponsors, including the EUfunded TRUEFISH Project, GIZ, AQUAGROUP, the World Bank, and WISHH, as well as numerous collaborators, exhibitors, and media partners who made the conference possible.

The momentum now shifts to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, which will host the next World Aquaculture Conference from December 1 to 4, 2026, followed by World Aquaculture Ghana 2027 in Accra.

24-27 June, 2025 | Speke Resort in

Spotted At WAS 2025: Tunga Nutrition’s New Offerings

BY WANGARI KAMAU

Tunga Nutrition Kenya, a partnership between Unga Farm Care (EA) Limited and Skretting, made a strategic move at this year’s World Aquaculture Safari 2025 in Uganda by using the landmark event to unveil two new tilapia feed products: NutriPond and Optiline Next Generation – Powered by AmiNova.

The company hosted a side session at the conference on nutrition and physiology, drawing regional and international stakeholders eager to see how the new offerings could support East Africa’s rapidly expanding aquaculture sector.

NATURE-DRIVEN INNOVATION WITH NUTRIPOND

NutriPond is Skretting’s first tilapia diet explicitly tailored for extensive pond farming systems.

Designed with a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, it supports the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as zooplankton, algae, and bacteria, key components of the pond food web that serve as a natural nutrient source for tilapia.

Available in floating pellets of 2.0mm, 3.0mm, and 4.5mm, NutriPond is nutritionally complete, with crude protein levels ranging from 25% to 30%. By stimulating the natural productivity of the pond, it reduces the need for supplementary feed, effectively lowering the feed conversion ratio (FCR) while improving growth and survival rates.

“We created NutriPond, a diet that aims to nourish both the pond and the tilapia,” said Tanja van Dongen, Portfolio Manager at Skretting. “By feeding NutriPond, farmers are able to provide a natural environment for the tilapia while still getting great growth results. Creating this more natural environment not only actively reduces the FCR but also increases survival rates. That is what working with nature can do.”

ENHANCED EFFICIENCY WITH OPTILINE NEXT GENERATION - POWERED BY AMINOVA

The second major launch, Optiline Next Generation – Powered by AmiNova, targets semi-intensive and intensive farming systems and is engineered for maximum feed efficiency.

AmiNova is Skretting’s latest feed formulation concept, designed to deliver ultra-precise fish nutrition by focusing on digestible amino acids rather than just crude or digestible protein levels.

Formulated with optimised digestible nutrients and designed to be gentle on the fish’s digestive system, Optiline

seeks to ensure consistent quality and superior growth.

The extruded floating feed comes in 2.0mm, 3.0mm, 4.5mm, and a new 6.0mm pellet, ideal for farms targeting tilapia up to 1kg in weight. Protein levels vary from 27% to 34%, depending on pellet size, and digestible energy values are carefully adjusted to meet the growth needs of each life stage.

By supporting protein efficiency and reducing nutrient discharge, Optiline is not only beneficial to fish growth and fillet yields but also promotes environmental sustainability.

STRENGTHENING TUNGA’S POSITION IN THE REGION

The launches are part of Tunga Nutrition’s wider strategy to strengthen its presence in East Africa. By leveraging Unga’s regional reach and Skretting’s global R&D capacity, the company is positioning itself as a partner for farmers navigating challenges such as rising feed costs, sustainability, and changing market demands.

While NutriPond and Optiline were the focus this time, sources at Tunga Nutrition hint at further innovations on the horizon, with upcoming investments aimed at expanding choices for local fish farmers.

With Africa’s demand for animal protein expected to rise by 35% over the next decade, the company’s push for efficiency and sustainability reflects a broader commitment to “Feeding the Future.” FBMEA

From Pond To Plate: How Aquaculture Can Secure Africa’s Protein Needs

BY NICHOLAS NG'ANG'A

Kenya has long been a nation that loves meat, and the demand for animal-based protein continues to rise. The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics’ National Agriculture Production Report 2024 shows that total meat production in 2023 reached 556,653 tonnes valued at KES 304.6 billion (about USD 2.4 billion), up from 464,512 tonnes worth KES 240.7 billion (around USD 1.9 billion) in 2022.

Despite this growth, the sector still faces significant structural challenges that threaten its ability to keep pace with the overwhelming demand. Statistics indicate that Kenya has an annual red meat deficit of over 250,000 tonnes. One area that could help bridge the gap is aquaculture, which helps meet the demand for products from fisheries resources. While Kenya’s fish farming industry has made progress, production remains far below what is needed to address the country’s protein deficit meaningfully.

To examine these challenges and consider how aquaculture might contribute to filling the protein gap, a panel of industry leaders convened at the recently concluded Africa Future

Food Summit, held from July 2nd to 4th, 2025, in Nairobi and colocated with the AFMASS Food Manufacturing Expo. The discussion, moderated by Wangari Kamau, featured insights from Francisco Murillo, CEO of Tropo Farms; Marvin Murphy of ISM Agri; Angela Odero, CEO of Rio Fish Ltd; Sarah W. Benhamo, Business Development Director at Victory Farms; and Beryl Ochieng of Bühler.

WHY AQUACULTURE MATTERS

Aquaculture has overtaken wild capture as the world’s leading source of fish. According to the FAO’s 2022 report, farmed fish now account for more than half of global aquatic animal production. At the same time, demand for seafood has surged. Average consumption has more than doubled since the 1960s, rising from about 9 kg per person in 1961 to 20.7 kg today.

Kenya, however, tells a different story. Fish intake and production remain low. Marvin Murphy noted that while Kenya consumes roughly 600,000 tonnes of fish per year, only 400,000 tonnes are produced locally. The remaining 200,000 tonnes are met through imports.

One key point of agreement among the panellists was that aquaculture can help close this gap. It produces high-quality protein at a fraction of the environmental cost of livestock. Angela Odero of Rio Fish described aquaculture as “a nobrainer,” pointing out that fish is far more efficient to produce compared to beef. She highlighted that tilapia, when farmed efficiently, can reach a feed conversion ratio of 1.2. Beef, by comparison, is closer to 8. A lower ratio means less feed, fewer inputs, and reduced emissions for every kilogram of protein produced.

Consumer habits, however, take time to change. Victory Farms’ Sarah W. Benhamo explained that while fish consumption has traditionally been strongest in regions bordering Lake Victoria, demand is now expanding to urban areas, especially Nairobi. She noted that taste preferences are changing, and with the right education and exposure, aquaculture can position itself as a mainstream source of affordable protein.

CHANGING PERCEPTIONS ABOUT FARMED FISH

One of the biggest hurdles facing aquaculture in Africa is perception. Consumers often view farmed fish as inferior to wild-caught alternatives. Murillo shared Ghana’s experience, where local scepticism initially slowed the uptake of aquaculture. Over time, however, as consumers became familiar with farmed fish and blind taste tests proved its quality, perceptions shifted.

A similar challenge exists in Kenya. Benhamo pointed out that many inland consumers remain wary of farmed fish, associating them with poor quality or artificial practices. Yet, blind taste tests conducted by Victory Farms revealed that farmed tilapia often matches or even surpasses wild-caught

ONE OF THE BIGGEST HURDLES

FACING

AQUACULTURE IN

AFRICA

IS PERCEPTION. CONSUMERS OFTEN VIEW FARMED FISH AS INFERIOR TO WILD-CAUGHT ALTERNATIVES.

fish in flavour and texture. Changing perceptions, she said, is not just about marketing but about building trust through quality and consistency.

FEED: THE CRITICAL BOTTLENECK

Feed remains the single biggest obstacle to scaling aquaculture profitably and closing the protein gap. In Kenya, the annual demand for fish feed is approximately 34,000 tons; however, much of this is met through costly imports. Approximately 7,000 tons are imported each year, increasing costs for local farmers.

From the panel, Angela Odero painted a vivid picture: for many farms, feed accounts for about 70% of production costs. This is because while the country has many feed producers, local supply remains constrained. Limited raw materials, outdated technology, and weak quality control slow down growth. As a result, farmers are left juggling inconsistent supply and rising costs.

However, according to Beryl Ochieng, technology-providing companies like Buhler are stepping up to fill the existing gaps in feed production. For example, Buhler is constantly innovating to meet the evolving needs of the feed industry, including providing machinery suited for small-scale feed production or ensuring that current technologies can handle the demands of processing alternative raw materials.

PARTING SHOT

Despite the obstacles, aquaculture in Kenya and across Africa is on the verge of real growth. The demand for affordable protein is increasing, and fish farming is well-positioned to meet it if the right investments and policies are implemented. Panellists agreed that feed is a pressure point, but also the area where solutions could unlock the most value. Reducing import duties, clarifying bans on certain ingredients, and supporting local raw material production would go a long way in cutting costs for farmers.

Yet, feed alone will not close the gap. Expanding cold chain networks, modern processing facilities, and value-addition hubs will help farmers move from producing fish to delivering reliable, market-ready products. On the consumer side, building trust is critical. Taste trials, transparent labelling, and clear communication on production practices can shift perceptions and increase acceptance of farmed fish. FBMEA

Evonik partners French specialist on chilli pepperbased solution for dairy cows

EUROPE

– Evonik Animal Nutrition has recently introduced a new plant-based product for ruminants, aiming to boost milk production and improve resilience in dairy cows during stressful periods, such as early lactation and heat stress.

The innovation, called BoruCare® Capsin, was unveiled at the SPACE 2025 international animal farming exhibition in Rennes, France, from September 16 to 18.

The Essen-based global chemical company, which operates in more than 100 countries, developed the natural solution in partnership with French specialist Heidi Botanicals. BoruCare® Capsin will be commercially available in Europe beginning in the fourth quarter of 2025.

BoruCare® Capsin is made from red chilli peppers and contains capsaicinoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds have been shown to support nutrient efficiency, strengthen nutritional status, and increase milk yield in cows under pressure from high metabolic demands or heat.

“BoruCare® Capsin expands and complements our solutions for ruminants,” said Dr. Marion Hax, head of the Specialty Nutrition product line at Evonik Animal Nutrition. “With capsaicinoids as the main active compound in addition to polyphenols and flavonoids, it has multiple positive effects on the nutritional status, nutrient efficiency, and milk yield of dairy cows, particularly in stressful phases.”

The product is manufactured using a proprietary process developed with Heidi Botanicals. This solvent-free method grinds whole chilli peppers, standardises the capsaicinoid content to at least 0.5%, and encapsulates the extract in a fatty matrix to eliminate pungency and ensure easy handling.

According to Evonik, using whole chili peppers allows BoruCare® Capsin to retain the full spectrum of secondary metabolites present in the plant. “Our unique process makes BoruCare® Capsin a particularly environmentally friendly product,” said Dr. Claudia Parys, responsible for Evonik’s ruminant portfolio.

The launch comes as dairy producers worldwide face pressure to improve productivity while also adapting to climate change challenges, including rising temperatures.

Evonik positions BoruCare® Capsin as a sustainable tool that enhances cow performance naturally, without synthetic additives.

UTRIX deepens animal nutrition roots in Jordan

JORDAN – UTRIX S.A.L., a leading Lebanese producer of premixes and concentrates, has officially expanded into the Jordanian animal nutrition market, marking a significant step in its regional growth strategy.

The company celebrated the launch in September 2025 by hosting a three-day program at its headquarters in Lebanon, where it welcomed 24 Jordanian poultry industry representatives, nearly 90% of the country’s sector, for training, collaboration, and a guided tour of its Zahlé production facility.

“Our mission is to help producers achieve healthier, more sustainable animal production through innovative solutions and services. Producing locally allows us to ensure prompt delivery and consistent product freshness and quality that customers can rely on,” said Dr. Wael Abdelrahman, Head of Marketing at UTRIX.

The program included two days of technical presentations, followed by a plant tour, during which guests observed UTRIX’s GMP+ certified operations.

UTRIX’s product management team introduced its portfolio of feed solutions, while technical experts showcased how the company’s services can be integrated directly on farms to deliver measurable improvements in productivity and profitability.

This investment is timely, as Jordan’s poultry producers are under growing pressure to reduce their dependence on antibiotic growth promoters, creating an urgent demand for proven alternatives. UTRIX says its expansion is well-timed to meet these needs.

“We pair science-based formulations with on-farm technical programs and reliable local supply, so customers can transition confidently and protect performance and improve their profitability,” noted Michel Daher, Business Development Director at UTRIX.

The Jordan expansion follows UTRIX’s earlier (February 2025) announcement of a new subsidiary in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UTRIX Animal Nutrition for Trading, designed to strengthen supply and technical support across the GCC.

The subsidiary comprises warehouse and office facilities and is led by Regional Sales Manager Sameh Al Khouly.

ADM launches Digest Carb feed solution for dairy cows at SPACE 2025

FRANCE – ADM launched Digest Carb, its latest feed solution for dairy cows, at SPACE 2025, held from September 16–18, presenting European farmers with a product designed to boost milk yields, improve feed efficiency, and lower costs, with global rollout plans in place.

According to ADM, Digest Carb,which is a result of five years of rigorous research and development, combines ingredients that optimise the rumen’s use of starch, fibre and sugars, supporting fermentation, fibre degradability and milk performance.

“With feed accounting for up to 60–70% of total production expenses, maximising feed efficiency is essential for dairy farmers,” said Gaelle Benzoni, Vice President, Animal Nutrition R&D, ADM.

Benzoni noted that improving rumen fermentation enhances nutrient release, allowing cows to extract more energy

from the same feed while boosting milk production.

According to the company, on-farm research validated these benefits, with a 12-week trial in France showing that Holstein cows fed Digest Carb produced an average of 2.7 kilograms more milk per day than the control group. Moreover, across all parities, milk protein output also rose by 4.5%, highlighting the product’s positive effect on lactation performance.

Sara Tondini, Ph.D., ADM’s lead research scientist on the project, explained the scientific foundation behind the innovation: “We developed Digest Carb to support the native rumen microbiome, enabling more effective breakdown of fibrous feedstuffs to increase the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the primary energy source for dairy cows.”

According to ADM, unlike other fibre-degrading technologies, such as

enzymes or live yeasts that struggle to persist in the rumen and yield variable results, Digest Carb supports and amplifies the cow’s natural microbial processes.

By reducing reliance on high-energy ingredients and promoting better nutrient use, the solution supports both economic and environmental sustainability.

Kemin expands enzyme capabilities with CJ Youtell acquisition

CHINA – Kemin Industries, a leading global manufacturer of ingredients, has expanded its global enzyme production capabilities with the acquisition of CJ Youtell Biotech, the enzymes and fermentation subsidiary of CJ Bio.

The deal, announced on September 23, 2025, positions the Iowa-based ingredient manufacturer to strengthen its presence across animal feed, aquaculture, food, textiles, paper, pulp, and biofuel industries.

With full ownership of CJ Youtell’s fermentation plants in Shandong and Hunan, China, Kemin gains a worldclass fermentation platform and a broad portfolio of enzyme products.

These assets allow the company to deliver high-performance and sustainable enzyme technologies directly to customers worldwide, while

also enhancing production efficiency and supply chain resilience.

“This acquisition is a bold step forward in our ongoing strategy to provide cutting-edge fermentation solutions directly to our customers.

Adding CJ Youtell to our portfolio further enhances Kemin’s expertise and dedication to supply high-quality and innovative enzyme ingredients and solutions around the world,” said Dr Chris Nelson, President and CEO of Kemin Industries.

The integration will also bolster Kemin’s research and development capacity, with additional laboratories and technical teams specialising in bioengineering, biochemistry, and enzyme formulation. According to the company, these resources will help optimise production costs and ensure competitively priced, high-quality

enzyme solutions for multiple industries.

For Kemin, which has been formulating enzyme solutions for more than 40 years, the acquisition represents a significant leap forward. Michelle Lim, President of Kemin Enzymes, emphasised the value of combining expertise with new fermentation assets.

“With CJ Youtell’s fermentation expertise now part of our portfolio, we offer customers a fully integrated solution, from proprietary strain development and manufacturing to final formulation and application support,” she said.

By uniting in-house fermentation with advanced formulation, technical sales, and Customer Laboratory Services, Kemin is seeking to position itself as a one-stop provider of enzyme technologies.

SUPPLIER

BASF seeks strategic partners to imbibe growth in feed enzymes

GERMANY – BASF, a leading producer of feed additives, has announced it is exploring strategic options for its feed enzymes business, seeking partners to help unlock growth opportunities in what it sees as a pivotal market for innovation and profitability.

The feed additives business forms part of BASF’s Nutrition & Health division, which supplies ingredients and solutions for both human and animal nutrition.

“We are looking for partners for whom feed enzymes represent a strategic focus area to drive innovation and profitable growth,” said Dr. Martin Volland, President of BASF’s Nutrition & Health division.

BASF was a pioneer in the feed enzymes sector, introducing Natuphos® in 1991 as the world’s first commercial feed enzyme (phytase).

Since then, the company has expanded its portfolio to include phytase, xylanase, glucanase and mannanase, positioning itself as a leader in this specialised market.

“This attractive business brings together a highly skilled team that combines market and technical expertise with pioneering experience in feed enzymes, globally established brands, and a robust innovation pipeline, all of which position it for continued success,” Dr. Volland added.

Daniela Calleri, Head of Nutrition Ingredients at BASF, emphasised that the feed enzymes unit has outperformed the market in recent years.

“We are proud of what the team has built. In our Nutrition Ingredients business unit, we will continue to strengthen our core product platforms for vitamins and carotenoids as part of BASF’s key value chains. We are confident that in an alternative setup, the feed enzymes business will be able to unlock its potential fully,” she said.

BASF emphasised that the planned restructuring applies only to its feed enzymes business within Nutrition & Health and does not impact its enzymes portfolio for the home care and industrial sectors, which remains under the Care Chemicals division.

Bühler launches Kubex 5 pellet mill for smarter automation in feed processing

SWITZERLAND – Bühler has unveiled the Kubex 5 pellet mill, its latest innovation in feed processing equipment.

Developed jointly by Bühler Changzhou in China and the company’s headquarters in Switzerland, the Kubex 5 represents a significant advancement in pelletizing technology, offering feed producers enhanced performance, improved energy efficiency, and intelligent automation.

The machine, designed to serve diverse markets including poultry, swine, aquaculture, ruminants, and even biomass, features a flexible capacity range from 15 to 60 tons per hour.

Bühler says it is engineered for round-the-clock production with minimal downtime, positioning it as a durable solution for the world’s fast-growing feed industry.

“Whether you’re producing feed, biomass, or speciality pellets, the Kubex 5 Series delivers consistent results and smarter control, helping you increase profitability and sustainability,” the company explains.

The Kubex 5 features a highly efficient gear drive system, paired with an advanced pelleting chamber, which enables high throughput with the lowest energy consumption in its class.

The design also includes the largest roller within the same die size, ensuring superior output even under demanding production conditions.

Operator-friendly features come as standard. These include a central lubrication system that automatically maintains bearings during operation, a motorised die lifter to simplify and speed up die changes, and a gearbox oil cooling system.

An anti-blocking monitoring system and a magnetic plate at the inlet further safeguard the machine from disruptions and material damage.

The Kubex 5 is also designed for continuous 24/7 operation, providing producers with the reliability they need to meet market demand.

Beyond mechanical improvements, the Kubex 5 introduces advanced digital solutions for smarter feed milling.

Bühler’s PelletingPro stabilises pellet quality, while Pelleting Essential offers real-time dashboards for monitoring performance from mobile devices.

Bühler emphasises that the Kubex 5 is supported by its worldwide service infrastructure, which spans more than 140 countries.

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